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19 protocols using trypan blue solution

1

Cell Viability and Transfection Efficiency Assays

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Cell viability was examined using the trypan blue exclusion assay as previously described [28 (link)] with slight modifications. Cells were re-suspended in culture medium (100 μl) in a well, and a small portion (3 μl) was mixed with an equal volume of 0.4% trypan blue solution (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) in a 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tube. The mixture (6 μl) was then transferred to a hemocytometer (Watson, Tokyo, Japan) and the number of viable (unstained) and dead (stained) cells was counted under a microscope (IX70, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Three replications (three wells) were made for each incubation period, and the wells from which cells were taken were sacrificed after each count. Cell viability was calculated by the ratio of viable cells to total cells.
Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fluorescence was observed under a fluorescent microscope equipped with a GFP filter (BZ-8100, Keyence, Osaka, Japan). The EGFP-positive and -negative cells observed within randomly selected areas of 200 μm x 200 μm squares under a fluorescent microscope were photographed and counted to estimate transfection efficiency (EGFP-positive cells among viable cells). The number of cells in three square areas per well was counted and three replications (for three wells) were made for each measurement.
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2

Quality Control of ADMPCs Transplant

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ADMPCs were examined for quality at the time of cell freezing, cell thawing, and just before transplantation. Quality control tests included cell number, cell viability, cell purity, and infection tests. Cell number and viability were determined by staining with 0.4% (w/v) Trypan blue solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Cell purity was analyzed by flow cytometry using FITC-labeled anti-CD45 antibody (BD Biosciences), FITC-labeled anti-CD105 antibody (Ancell Corporation, Bayport, MN, USA), FITC-labeled anti-CD166 antibody (Ancell Corporation), and FITC-labeled isotype control mouse IgG1 antibody (BD Biosciences). Data were collected with a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences). The culture supernatant was collected by aspiration and used for infection tests including a sterility test, mycoplasma negative test, and endotoxin test.
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3

Apoptosis Induction in HEK293 Cells by SCH79797

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HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin (10 U/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL), and treated with 0.3 or 1 μmol/L of SCH79797 or 0.1% of DMSO (v/v) as vehicle for 3, 6, or 24 hours. After this period, cells were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer, and the ratio of cleaved Casp3 (caspase‐3; 1:1000; Cell Signaling) to Casp3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling) was evaluated by western blot analysis. As a positive control, we administrated staurosporine 1 μmol/L (Abcam) to cells to induce apoptosis and collected cells 4 hours later. In a cell‐viability assay, HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin (10 U/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL), and treated with 0.1, 0.3, or 1 μmol/L of SCH79797 or 0.1% of DMSO (v/v) as vehicle for 3 or 24 hours. After this period, cells were detached from the culture dish using Trypsin‐EDTA (Wako), and then trypan blue solution (Wako) was added. The number of whole cells and stained cells were counted with a TC20 automated cell counter (Bio‐Rad), and the survival rate was calculated.
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4

Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-based Biomaterials

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Scallop shell powders were heated at 1450 °C for 4 h, then ground using a dry super grinder (Nano Jetmizer NJ-300-D, Aishin Nano Technologies Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan), followed by cooling in a vacuum chamber. This provided BiSCaO with dry powder diameters of 3–9 (average 6 μm) and was purchased from Plus Lab Corp., Kanagawa, Japan. According to the manufacturer, the content of CaO in this BiSCaO preparation was 99.6%. BiSCa(OH)2 was obtained from Scallow, Kohkin Inst. Co. Ltd., Tochigi, Japan, had a dry powder diameter of 10–100 μm (average 46 μm), and the CaO and Ca(OH)2 concentrations were <5% and >90%, respectively. Sodium polyphosphate (Na-polyPO4; PP), sodium triphosphate (Na-triPO4; TP), 0.4 w/v% trypan blue solution, and 1 N HCl were purchased from FUJI FILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp., Osaka, Japan. Chondroitin sulfate and heparin were purchased from SEIKAGAKU Corp., Tokyo, Japan. Non-anticoagulant heparin carrying polystyrene (NAC-HCPS) [18 (link),19 (link)] and low-molecular-weight heparin/protamine nanoparticles (LMWH/P NPs) [20 (link),21 (link)] were prepared as previously described.
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5

OVCAR-3 Cell Proliferation Assay

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OVCAR-3 cells (1 × 104 cells) were cultured in 6-well plates as described in Cell line and cell culture. Cell counts were performed 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after OVACAR-3 cells were transfected with RECQL1-siRNA or control siRNA (as control). To distinguish live and dead cells, cells were stained with 0.3% trypan blue solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan). Cells were counted in a hemocytometer. The cell count was performed in triplicate, and the total cell count and the number of dead cells were represented as averages.
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6

Apoptosis Inhibition in ALDH1high Cells

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In Fig 3J and 3K, ALDH1high cells isolated after PKCλ KD for 48 h with targeted siRNA were plated in 12-well plates (Thermo) at a density of 2 x 104 cells/well and incubated for 24 h. apoptosis inhibitor (using the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK) was purchased from PEPTIDE Institute Inc. and dissolved in 100% DMSO, making a 200 mM stock solution. In Fig 4F, ALDH1high control cells or MDA-MB 157 PKCλ KO cells were plated in 12-well plates (Thermo) at a density of 2 x 104 cells/well and incubated for 48 h with 100 μM z-VAD-FMK or 0.5% DMSO as a control. After staining with 0.4 w/v% Trypan blue solution (Wako), the cells were counted manually.
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7

Quantifying Cell Viability in HeLa Cells

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A HeLa cell suspension (0.5 × 105 cells/ml) was inoculated in 24-well plates 1 day before viral infection. Cells were collected in Trypsin-EDTA (Wako) and stained with 0.4% (w/v) Trypan Blue Solution (Wako). Cell counting was performed using a TC20 Automated Cell Counter (Bio-Rad), and the cell viabilities of virus-infected cells normalized to that of mock-treated cells were determined.
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8

Cell Counting and Viability Assay

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Cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 104 per well in a six-well plate and grown at 37°C in 5% CO2. The cells were harvested with 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (Gibco, NY, USA) and mixed with an equal volume of 0.4% Trypan Blue solution (Wako, Osaka, Japan). Cell number and viability were determined using a hemocytometer. To calculate cell viability, at least 200 cells were counted in each culture after four days.
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9

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cells

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Hygromycin B Gold was purchased from InvivoGen Co. (San Diego, CA, USA). HEPES was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Hank's balanced salt solution was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Deoxyribonuclease I from bovine pancreas, precrystalline, DISPASE II, NP-40 substrate, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, chloroform, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, NaHCO3, d-(+)-glucose, and 0.4 w/v % trypan blue solution were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). Collagenase D was purchased from Roche Diagnostics, Inc. (Mannheim, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Biosera (East Sussex, UK). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Mitomycin C, a penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine mixed solution, and 100 mM sodium pyruvate solution (100 × ) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). All the other chemicals used were of the highest commercially available grade.
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10

Cell Counting Using Trypan Blue

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To count the number of DT40 cells, 50 µl cultured medium was mixed with 0.4 wt/vol% Trypan Blue Solution (Wako), and the mixture was counted using Countess II (Thermo Fisher).
To count the number of RPE-1 cells, the culture medium was removed by aspirator. Then, 2.5 g/liter of Trypsin 1 mmol/liter EDTA solution (Nacalai Tesque) was added and incubated for 3 min at 37°C. To stop trypsinization, RPE-1 culture medium was added. The cell solution was mixed with same volume of 0.4 wt/vol% Trypan Blue Solution, and cell numbers were counted using Countess II.
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