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11 protocols using anti phospho c met

1

Tumor Xenograft Immunohistochemistry Analysis

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Tumor xenografts were excised and rapidly frozen in OCT compound (Tissue-Tek, Torrance, CA) and tumor tissue sections were cut on a cryostat (Leica, Buffalo Grove, IL). Following standard protocols, the sections were processed for immunolabeling with anti-CD31 (1:50 dilution) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-phospho-c-Met (1:300 dilution), total-Met (1:300 dilution) (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) or anti-HO-1 (1:50 dilution) (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO); and subsequently labelled with a species-specific horseradish peroxidase-conjugateed secondary antibody. In tissue sections stained with anti-CD31 antibody, mean vessel density was calculated by standard grid counting method at x400 magnification.
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2

Quantitative Immunohistochemical Profiling of Tumor Angiogenesis

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Harvested tumor tissues were quickly frozen using the OCT compound (Tissue-Tek, Torrance, CA). Tissue sections were prepared on a cryostat (Leica, Buffalo Grove, IL). For immunolabeling, the sections were then treated with anti-CD31 (1:50 dilution) (Cat# 550274, BD Pharmingen)), anti-phospho-c-Met (1:300 dilution) (Cat# 3077), anti-total Met (1:300 dilution) (Cat# 8198, Cell Signaling), or anti-4-HNE (1:200 dilution) (Cat# ab46545, Abcam); and subsequently labeled with species-specific horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. Tissue specimens were developed in 3-amino-ethylcarbazole and counterstained with Gills hematoxylin. In anti-CD31-stained sections, the means for vessel densities were calculated by the standard method of grid counting at a magnification of x4005 (link),15 (link).
The samples were quantitatively analyzed by the software ImageJ using an immunohistochemical composite scoring system or the immunoreactive scoring system (IRS)54 (link). In this quantification system, the composite score or immunoreactive score provides a range of 0 to 12 as a product of percentage of positive cells score (0–4) and staining intensity score (0–3); and a final score of 9–12 is considered to be strongly positive expression.
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3

Investigating c-Met and CDK4/6 Inhibitors

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c-Met inhibitors (Cabozantinib-#S1119, Crizotinib-S1068, Foretinib-#1111, Capmatinib-#S2788) and CDK4/6 inhibitors (Abemaciclib-#S7158, Palbociclib-#S1116, Ribociclib-#S7440) were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). The c-Met-targeting antibody, SAIT301 was produced according to the previous literature [22 (link)]. Antibodies for anti-c-Met (#8494S) and anti-phospho-c-Met (#3077S) were purchased from Cell Signaling. Anti-β actin (#ab8227) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Laminin (#L2020) and DMSO (#D2650) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and normal human IgG control (#1-001-A) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Hoechest33342 (#H3570) was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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4

HCMV Infection Protein Analysis

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Cells were lysed using RIPA buffer containing 1% protease inhibitor (Merck Millipore, MA) and 5% phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Total protein concentration was measured using the Bradford protein assay. Primary antibodies used were against HCMV and HCMV pp65 (Virusys Corporation, MD #CA150–1 (1:1000), and #CA003–100 (1:1000) respectively), anti-β-actin (Cell Signaling, MA #4967, 1:1000), anti-c-MET (Cell Signaling, #8198, 1:1000), anti-phospho-c-MET (Tyr1234/1235, Cell Signaling #3077), anti-p65 (Cell Signaling, #8242, 1:1000) and anti-phospho-p65 (Cell Signaling, #3033, 1:1000).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Crizotinib and Savolitinib

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Western blot analysis was performed as previously described [13 (link)]. Cells were treated with crizotinib (500 nM), savolitinib (1 μM, both dissolved in DMSO) or DMSO for 24 h, conditioned media (CM) were collected after 24 h. Anti-ILEI [6 (link)], anti-phospho cMET (#3077), anti-cMET (#3127), anti-phosphoErk1/2, anti-Erk1/2, anti-E-cadherin, anti-vinculin (Cell Signaling Technologies), anti-α tubulin, and anti-β actin (Sigma) primary antibodies were used followed by enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) detection using Chemidoc Touch (Bio-Rad) for digital capturing and ImageLab software (Bio-Rad) for visualization and quantification.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Tumor Tissues

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Immunohistochemistry on paraformaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded, 3 μm thick sections of mouse tumor tissues was performed manually using anti-Ki67 (1:2000), anti-CD31 (1:200) (abcam), anti-cleaved Caspase3 (1:1000), anti-phospho cMET (1:1000), anti-cMET (1:1000), anti-MMP9 (1:1000) (Cell Signaling Technologies), anti-E-cadherin (1:1000) (BD Biosciences) and anti-ILEI (1:1000) [6 (link)] primary antibodies and Lab Vision™ UltraVision™ LP Detection System (Thermo Scientific) with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate (Dako) for detection according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Cell nuclei were visualized by hematoxylin staining. Histological samples were scanned using a Pannoramic MIDI slide scanner (3D Histech) with a 40X objective. Subsequently, quantification of immunomhistochemistry was performed by the histomorphometric software package Tissue Studio® (Definiens AG). The E-cadherin membrane score was obtained by the formula: 3 x ratio of high membrane staining intensity + 2 x ratio of medium membrane staining intensity +1x ratio of low membrane staining intensity, giving a range of 1 to 3.
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7

Ginkgolide C Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation

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Ginkgolide C was purchased from Weikeqi Biological Technology (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Alexa Fluor® 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) antibody was obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was purchased from PeproTech (Offenbach, Germany). FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit was purchased from BD Pharmingen™ (BD Biosciences, Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). iN-fect™ in vitro Transfection Reagent was obtained from iNtRON Biotechnology (Seongnam, Korea). Anti-phospho-c-Met, anti-c-Met, anti-phospho-PI3K(Tyr458), anti-PI3K, anti-phospho-Akt(Ser473), anti-phospho-mTOR(Ser2448), anti-mTOR, anti-phospho-MEK(Ser217/221), anti-MEK, anti-phospho-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-caspase-9, anti-cleaved-caspase-9, and anti-cleaved-caspase-3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-Akt, anti-caspase-3, anti-PARP, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bcl-xL, anti-Survivin, anti-IAP-1, anti-IAP-2, anti-Cyclin D1, anti-COX-2, and anti-β-actin antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Western blot analysis was conducted using standard procedures. The commercially available primary antibodies were directed against anti-phospho-c-MET (Tyr1234/1235; 1:1000; #3077; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-c-MET (1:1000; #4560; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-phospho-ERK (1:1000; #9101; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (1:1000; sc514302; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-β-catenin (1:1000; #610153; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), anti-c-MYC (1:1000; sc40; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-GAPDH (1:4000; sc32233; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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9

Monoclonal Antibody and Kinase Inhibitor Assay

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Anti-human-IDO monoclonal antibody was prepared and utilized as previously reported (8 (link)). Anti-human-actin(Sigma), anti-mouse-CD49b(R&DSystems), anti-HGF-α (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-phospho-c-Met, anti-c-Met, anti-phospho-AKT, anti-AKT, anti-phospho-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-phospho-STAT3 and anti-STAT3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) antibodies were purchased and utilized according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor PHA-665752((3Z)-5-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-{[(2R)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (28 (link)), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; Cell Signaling Technology) (29 (link)), the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene; Cell Signaling Technology) (30 (link)), and the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 ((2E)-3-(6-Bromo-2-pyridinyl)-2-cyano-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethy]-2-propenamide P; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (31 (link)) were purchased and were utilized according to the corresponding manufacturer's instructions.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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The cells were lysed on ice using cell lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors. Equivalent amounts of protein extract were separated by denaturing SDS-PAGE and electrotransferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 2 h and then incubated with anti-c-MET (#8198), anti-phospho-c-Met (#3077), bcl-2 (#3498), bax (#5023), or anti-β-actin (#3700, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C overnight. The membranes were then incubated with anti-rabbit secondary antibodies for 1 h, after which we detected and quantified the band of protein-antibody complexes using a chemiluminescence detection system (Bio-Rad, USA).
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