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9 protocols using anti mouse cd11c

1

Quantifying Microglial Responses to Amyloid Plaques

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Brain tissue slices from Tg2576 mice were examined for CD11b and CD11c immunoreactivity in proximity to amyloid plaques in the cortex by ring analysis, as previously described (Frautschy et al., 2001 (link); Frautschy et al., 1998 (link); Lim et al., 2001 (link)). Briefly, brain sections were taken at 2.5 mm posterior to Bregma ( ± 0.3 mm). Sections were double labeled for Aβ (anti-Aβ 1–13 DAE; blue) and microglia (anti-mouse CD11c (BD Biosciences)) with avidin biotin-peroxidase kit and the peroxidase detector (diaminobenzidine; brown). For acquisition of histological and immunohistochemical images for analysis, the blue slice (filter) of the RGB stack was chosen and density slice threshold selected such that the blue plaque would not be picked up when imaging the brown microglia; all images were captured using the same density slice threshold. Images were acquired at 20×, digitized, and quantitatively analyzed with NIH-Image public domain software. A custom Pascal macro subroutine measured the microglia as a % of total area, in relation to distance from the Aβ-immunoreactive plaque center in each of a series of three concentric circles within and around Aβ-immunoreactive plaques, the ring widths of which correspond to the radius of the Aβ plaque, where Ring 1 defines 2 plaque radius, and Rings 2 and 3 are one and two plaque radii away from the plaque edge.
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2

Analyzing Mouse Immune Cell Phenotypes

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Mouse BMDCs or splenocytes were washed with PBS. For surface marker extracellular staining, the cells were incubated with anti-mouse CD11c (557,400, BD Biosciences), CD80 (560,526, BD Biosciences), CD86 (552,692, BD Biosciences), MHC-II (562,367, BD Biosciences), CD11b (101,211, Biolegend), CD4 (553,046, BD Biosciences), or CD8 antibodies (551,162, BD Biosciences) at 4 °C for 30 min. For intracellular cytokine staining, the splenocytes were stimulated with DnaJ (10 μg/ml) for 8 h in presence of Golgi plug™ (51-2301KZ, BD Bioscience). The splenocytes were then treated for surface markers (CD4 or CD8), fixed/permeabilised with a Cytofix/Cytoperm solution (51-2090KZ, BD Bioscience) and then stained with anti-IFN-γ (557,735, BD Biosciences) and anti-IL-4 (554,435, BD Biosciences) antibodies at 20–25 °C for 30 min. All events were acquired on a FACSverse flow cytometer and analysed using the FlowJoV software (Tree Star).
To determine cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17a, MCP-1, IL-1α, and IL-6) concentrations in the uterine tissue, multi-analyte flow assay kits (740,446, Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) were used as indicated by the manufacturer.
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3

Eosinophil Quantification in BALF Samples

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Cells were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pre-incubated with Fc-blocking anti-mouse CD16/32 antibody (BD Pharmingen, #553,141) before the staining process. Subsequently, dead cells were excluded by DAPI staining (BD Pharmingen, #564,907). The cells then underwent surface staining with anti-mouse CD45 (BD Pharmingen, #561,037), anti-mouse CD11b (BD Pharmingen, #561,688), anti-mouse GR-1 (BD Pharmingen, #561,103), anti-mouse CD-11c (BD Pharmingen, #561,022), and anti-mouse MHCII (Biolegend, #107,613) for 30 min at 4 °C. All samples were analyzed using Cytek Dxp Athena flow cytometer, and the data were processed using FlowJo software (version 10). The method for eosinophil count was conducted following established protocols from previous study [23 (link)], and is illustrated in Fig. S1. Initially, live leukocytes were selected based on the expression of CD45 and exclusion of DAPI, effectively removing debris, erythrocytes, and dead cells. Subsequently, lymphocytes were differentiated through the analysis of the SSC-A/CD11b plot, while neutrophils were identified using the SSC-A/GR1 plot among the diverse cell populations. Ultimately, eosinophils were isolated from the remaining cells using the MHC-II/CD11c plot.
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4

Tumor Cell-BMDC Interaction Assay

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Cells were seeded into 6-well plates (3 × 105 cells per well) overnight and then treated with 60 μM of mitomycin C for 30 min. Cell death was analyzed 48 h later via flow cytometry for calreticulin (ADI-SPA-601PE-F, enzo life sciences) expression, and supernatants were used to detect HMGB1 via an ELISA (6010, Chondrex, Woodinville, WA, USA), respectively.
Phagocytosis was performed by coculturing inactivated tumor cells with BMDCs. Tumor cells were stained with 2.5 μM of CFSE dye (C34573, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), and seeded in 48-well plates. BMDCs were stained with 1 μM of efluor 450 (65–0842-85, eBioscience). BMDCs were cocultured with tumor cells in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:3 and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C. BMDCs were collected for the flow cytometry analysis of phagocytosis.
BMDC maturation was assessed after coculturing with MMC-treated or untreated tumor cells. After 24 h, BMDCs were stained with anti-mouse CD11c and anti-mouse CD80 (BD Biosciences), and then analyzed via flow cytometry.
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5

CFSE-based Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay

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We cultured CT-26 cells in culture plates for 24 hours. The cells were subjected to varying doses of IR, and the plates were incubated for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cells of each group were harvested and washed thrice with PBS, followed by staining with 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) at a final concentration of 5 μM. The labeled cells were washed thrice with PBS. DCs were harvested and stained with anti-mouse CD11c (BD Pharmingen) at 4ºC for 30 minutes, followed by co-culture with irradiated CT-26 cells in a 96-well plate (200 μL/well) for 2 hours. The cells were analyzed with FC500.
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6

Formulation and Characterization of CGMP R-DOTAP Liposomal Nanoparticles

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Current good manufacturing practice–grade (CGMP) R-DOTAP was provided by Merck & Cie (Shaffhausen, Switzerland). CGMP R-DOTAP liposomal nanoparticles were produced by Evonik (Vancouver, Canada) according to protocols described previously (32 (link)). CGMP peptide Ags (Table I) were provided by AmbioPharm (North Augusta, SC). Research-grade synthetic peptide Ags were synthesized and purified to >95% purity by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ). Fluorochrome-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-mouse CD3 (clone: 145-2c11), CD4 (clone: GK1.5), CD8 (clone: YTS165.7.7), NKP36 (clone: 29A1.4), CD11b (clone: M1/70), IFN-γ (clone: XMG1.2), TNF-α (clone: MP6-XT22), and IL-2 (clone: JES6.5H4), were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-mouse CD69 (clone: H1-2F3) and anti-mouse CD11c (clone: HL3), were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-mouse monoclonal Foxp3 (clone: FJK-16s) and CD25 (clone: PC61.5) were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Allophycocyanin-labeled H2-Db E749–57 (RAHYNIVTF) loaded MHC class I dextramers were purchased from Immudex (Fairfax, VA). Anti-mouse PD-1 (clone: RMP1-14) was purchased from Bio X Cell (West Lebanon, NH).
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7

Dendritic Cell Maturation and Chemotaxis

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The DCs used in this study were isolated from mouse bone marrow (BMDCs) and cultured as described previously (34, 35). Briefly, bone marrow cells from femur were obtained by flushing femur with PBS supplemented with 2% heat inactivated FBS. These cells were then centrifuged and resuspended in Tris-ammonium chloride to lyse RBCs. The cells were spun and then filtered with a 70μm filter and were resuspended in RPMI-1640 supplemented with antibiotic and heat inactivated 10% FBS containing recombinant mouse GM-CSF (20ng/ml) and IL-4 (5ng/ml). Loosely adherent dendritic cells were collected and re-plated on day 7 in fresh RPMI medium and were harvested on day 8 and subjected to chemotaxis assay.
To analyse maturation, 0.5x10 6 cells/well in a 24 well-plate were left untreated or treated with 10μg/ml each of ECP, EDN and HPR in separate wells for 48 hours at 37ºC. After 48 hours, cells were stained with anti-mouse CD11c (BD Biosciences), CD80 (BD Biosciences), CD86 (eBioscience), CD40 (eBioscience) and MHCII (eBioscience), and analysed on FACS Canto II.
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8

Multicolor Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Mouse anti-EPCAM (1:500, ThermoFisher MA1–06502), mouse anti-Vimentin (1:500, Millipore MAB3400), mouse anti-CD19 (1:100, BioLegend 302201), rat anti-CD45 (1:200, ThermoFisher MA5–17687), goat anti-CD138 (1:100, R&D Systems AF2780), mouse anti-HLA-DR/DP/DQ (1:200, ThermoFisher MA1–25914), mouse anti-CD11c (1:100, BD Biosciences 550375), goat anti-CD4 (1:100, R&D Systems AF-379-NA), rabbit anti-CD8 (1:100, Invitrogen SP16). Alexa Fluor 488-, 594-, and 647-conjugated secondary antibodies were used (Life Technologies).
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9

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Mouse Eye Tissue

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Mouse eyes were enucleated and embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. 10 micrometer-thick sections were cut and mounted to polylysine-coated glass slides. After a 10-min fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde, slides were blocked with 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing 2% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. Sections were then incubated with mouse anti-CD11c (BD Biosciences) and anti-collagen IV (EMD Millipore, MA). This was followed by a secondary antibody, FITC -conjugated goat anti-hamster and cy3- conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories 1:100), and slides were mounted with Vectorshield mounting medium containing 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) mounting media and examined under confocal microscopy. Controls were similarly treated, but the primary antibody was replaced with IgG.
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