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7 protocols using mouse anti tuj1

1

Culturing and Analyzing Mouse and Human Spinal Neurons

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Ventral horns of cervical spinal cords from E13.5 mouse or WPC7–8 human embryos were dissected out in cold DPBS (Dulbecco's PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+ at pH 7.4). After trypsinization (0.5% trypsin, Gibco) and cell counting, isolated cells (2.5 × 103 cells/cm2) were seeded on polylysine- and laminin-coated coverslips, in 12-well plates, and cultured in neurobasal medium (Invitrogen) plus 2% B27, 20 ng/ml BDNF, 50 U/ml penicillin–streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine. Half of the medium was replaced by fresh medium every 2–3 days. To estimate the effects of CELSR2 inactivation in human spinal neurons, lentivirus (2 × 109 TU/ml) encoding CELSR2-shRNA, or CELSR2 scrambled shRNA as control was added to the culture medium after 1 DIV, and fresh culture medium was added 48 h later. After 5 DIV, cells were fixed and stained with mouse anti-Tuj1 (1:1000; ab18207; Abcam) and TexRed-Phalloidin (1:50, Life Technologies Corporation). Neurite length and growth cone areas were measured using Imaris and ImageJ. Data were collected from at least three independent cultures, and a total of 50–60 neurons were used for quantification in each group.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Temporal Bone

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The temporal bones were removed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 1.5 hr at 4°C. The temporal bones were decalcified by incubation in 10% EDTA at 4°C for 3–5 days. The EDTA solution was changed daily. The bones were then embedded in the OCT compound for cryostat sectioning. The sections of 10 μm thickness were washed in PBS, and nonspecific binding was blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 10% goat serum in PBS plus 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBST) for 1 hr. The primary antibodies, chicken anti-Tuj1 (Abcam), mouse anti-myelin basic protein (Abcam), rabbit anti-Myo7a (Proteus Biosciences, Inc), mouse anti-Tuj1 (Abcam), rabbit anti-TRPA1 (Abcam), TRPC3 (Novus Biologicals), TRPC6 (Abcam), TRPV1 (Novus Biologicals), TRPV4 (Abcam), were incubated overnight at 4°C. After incubating the primary antibodies, the slides were washed three times with PBST and incubated with secondary antibodies for 1.5 hr at RT in the dark. We used Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated goat anti-mouse and Cy3-conjugated goat anti-chicken, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit, Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated goat anti-mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs) in a dilution of 1:500. Other markers used were phalloidin-Fluor 647 (Abcam) for F-actin and DAPI (Sigma) for nuclear stain. The slides were then examined under a confocal microscope (LSM 510, Zeiss).
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3

Immunofluorescence Characterization of SSCs

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The purified SSCs and different PCL membranes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.25% Triton X-100 for 10 min. Then samples were blocked with 10% blocking buffer for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-UCHL-1 (Abcam, 1:200), mouse anti-GFRα-1 (Abcam, 1:200), mouse anti-Tuj-1 (Abcam, 1:200). After washing with PBS, the samples were incubated in Alexa Fluor 488 or Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated secondary antibodies at 37 °C for 2 h, and DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. Finally, the samples were observed under a laser confocal scanning microscope.
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4

Magnetic Field-Induced Neuronal Differentiation

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ADMSCs (1 × 104 cells) were seeded onto the substrates in 48‐well plates and exposed to a rotating MF for 5, 10, and 15 days. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, the cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‐100 in PBS for 10 min, followed by washing in PBS three times. Samples were then blocked with 5% BSA for 1 h. To evaluate neuronal differentiation, antibodies against neuronal markers were used. These samples were incubated with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. Primary antibodies included mouse anti‐nestin (marker of NSCs), mouse anti‐Tuj1, rabbitanti‐MAP2 (neuronal specific markers), and rabbit anti‐GFAP (marker of astrocyte), respectively (Abcam). Next, the samples were washed three times with PBS and then incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated goat anti‐rabbit or Alexa Fluor 546 conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgG) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing three times in PBS, the cells were stained with DAPI (Invitrogen) for at least 10 min. Fluorescence images were acquired using a laser confocal microscope.
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5

Immunocytochemical Analysis of Neural Markers

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Cells in different groups were examined according to previously reported experimental steps (Zhao et al., 2011). Briefly, cells were incubated with primary antibodies including mouse anti-Tuj1 (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), guinea pig anti-doublecortin (DCX; 1:1000; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), and rabbit anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2; 1:400; Abcam) overnight at 4ºC. Cells were incubated with corresponding secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor568-conjugated goat anti-mouse, goat anti-guinea pig, or goat anti-rabbit IgG, 1:1000; Invitrogen) at room temperature for 4 hours. Nuclei were labeled with Hoechst 33342 (1:1000; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37ºC for 30 minutes. All cells were examined under the EVOS FL Auto.
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6

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Neural Markers

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Tissue cryosections were washed in 1X PBS then blocked for 1h at room temperature (RT) in 1X PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/3% normal donkey or goat serum (blocking solution). Slides were incubated overnight at 4°C with blocking solution containing dilutions of the following antibodies: rabbit anti-ALDH1L1 (Abcam) 1:500; rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Biocare Medicare) 1:250; rabbit anti-FoxP1 (Abcam Inc.) 1:400; mouse anti-GAD67 (EMD Millipore) 1:5000; rabbit anti-glycine (Millipore) 1:100; chicken anti-MAP2 (Abcam Inc.) 1:5000; rabbit anti-Olig2 (EMD Millipore) 1:250; mouse anti-TUJ1 (Abcam) 1:500. Sections were washed in 1X PBS and incubated for 1h with secondary antibodies conjugated to DyLight 488 or 549 (Jackson Immunoresearch) at a 1:500 dilution. All slides were counterstained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or NeuroTrace fluorescent Nissl stain (Molecular Probes). After staining, sections were mounted with ProLong Gold to preserve the fluorescent signals and imaged using a Leica DM5500B epifluorescence microscope (Leica Microsystems, Exton, PA) or an inverted Zeiss Axio Observer on a PerkinElmer UltraVIEW VoX spinning disk confocal with a Hamamatsu C9100-13 camera and Volocity software.
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7

Immunofluorescence Characterization of Stem Cells

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Immunofluorescence on coverslip cultures was performed according to previous reports (Yan et al., 2005 (link)). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 min and blocked in blocking solution (PBS containing 10% normal donkey serum and 0.2% Triton X-100) for 1 h. The following primary antibodies were used: mouse anti-SSEA-3 (1:200), mouse anti-SSEA-4 (1:400), mouse anti-Nkx6.1 (1:100), mouse anti-En1 (1:100) (DSHB, Iowa City, USA), anti-TRA-1-60 (1:150), anti-TRA-1-81 (1:150), mouse anti-Synaptophysin (1:1000), rabbit anti-v-Glut1 (1:2000) (Millipore, Billerica, USA), anti-Nanog (1:150), goat anti-Otx2 (1:500) (R&D), mouse anti-Tuj1 (1:5000) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-MAP2 (1:1000), mouse anti-TH (1:1000) (Sigma), mouse anti-HB9 (1:50) and goat anti-FoxA2 (1:500) (Santa Cruz, California, USA). After an overnight incubation at 4°C, species-specific secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 or CY5 (1:1000) (Invitrogen) were applied for 1 h at room temperature. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (Sigma). Images were obtained using a Leica TCS SP8 confocal laser-scanning microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).
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