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2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt

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2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt is a water-soluble dye compound used as a substrate in colorimetric assays for the detection and quantification of various enzymes, particularly peroxidases. It serves as an electron donor in these assays, undergoing an oxidation-reduction reaction that produces a colored product.

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6 protocols using 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt

1

Characterization of HCA Standards in Bioanalytical Assays

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Three types of HCA standards were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), namely 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), pyrido[3,4-b] indole (norharman) and 1-methyl-9H pyrido[3,4-b] indole (harman). Their stock solutions were prepared with methanol and kept at −20 °C until further dilution. d-(+)-glucose (99.5%), creatinine standard (99%), l-phenylalanine (99%), l-tryptophan (99%), rutin, gallic acid, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-striazine (TPTZ) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). In addition to HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), analytical-grade hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and ammonia were purchased from Chemreagent (Tianjin, China). The ultra-pure water used in the experiments was prepared in the laboratory.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Antioxidant Nanocomposite

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β-CD (diameter of 1.53 nm) was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Zein (average molecular weight of 25,000–45,000) was purchased from Dulai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Microcrystalline cellulose and maleic anhydride were bought from Aladdin Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). (+)-CA (purity > 98%) and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Soybean oil was bought from Jiusan Grain and Oil Industry Group Co., Ltd. (Harbin, China). All other reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Aladdin Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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3

Characterization of Semen Raphani Constituents

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SR was obtained from Jilin Baiqi Co., Ltd. (Baicheng, China) and was identified by associate professor Xianwen Yue of Pharmacy College of Baicheng Medical College. CIM (batch number: 111710-200602), POG (batch number: 111522-201913), and 5OM (batch number: 111523-201811) were purchased from China Pharmaceutical Biological Products Verification Institute (Beijing, China). Methanol (Fisher, America) was of chromatographic grade. Phosphoric acid (excellent purity) was obtained from Guangfu Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Purified water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Co., Ltd. Choline chloride, maltose, L-alanine, PL-malic acid, betaine, lactic acid, fructose, phenol, glycerol, propylene glycol, xylitol, urea, acetic acid, and citric acid were all acquired from Zhengzhou Kangyuan chemical products Co., Ltd (Henan, China). 1,1-Diphenyl-3-nitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) was bought from Ruji Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) and potassium persulfate were obtained from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The chemical structure of three most representative chromones in SR is shown in Figure 1.
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4

Enzymatic Valorization of Agro-Wastes

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Potato dextrose water was purchased from Hope Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China. 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), phenol (PH, > 99%), 4-chlorophenol (CP, > 99%), and bisphenol A (BPA, > 99%) were acquired from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China. Filters of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-75 were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China. All other chemical reagents used were analytical grade. Agricultural wastes (rice straw, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, pine sawdust, pomelo peel, navel orange peel, and rapeseed oil cake) were purchased from Taobao Mall, a Chinese online retail platform. These agro-wastes were dried and ground into powder (60 mesh).
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5

Antioxidant Extraction and Characterization from Chrysanthemum and Rice

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Fine powder of C. morifolium cv. Fubaiju (Macheng city, Hubei Province, China), round glutinous rice (Wuchang Caiqiqiao Rice Co., Ltd.), sweet Jiuqu (Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.); 2,2‐Diphenyl−1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,4,6‐Tris (2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (Macklin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd.); sodium chloride, ethanol absolute (analytical grade), potassium persulfate, iron trichloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid, aluminum trichloride, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.); rutin trihydrate from LGC Labor GmbH; methanol from ThermoFisher Co., Ltd.; folin‐phenol reagent from Solarbio Co., Ltd.
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6

Grape Seed Antioxidant Extraction

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Grape seeds were purchased at local markets (Changchun, China). Cellulase was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Linoleic acid and soybean lecithin (98 % purity) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chemical Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). NBD-PE (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoetha-nolamine, triethylammonium salt) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Shanghai, China). α-TOC (96 % purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Procyanidins (98 % purity) were purchased from HeFei BoMei Biotechnology Co. Ltd. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and all other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was used throughout.
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