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4 protocols using β1 ar

1

Cardiac Protein Expression Analysis

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β1-AR, β2-AR, β3-AR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), Gαs, Gαi, and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) protein expression was determined via Western Blot analysis. Thirty micrograms of left and right ventricular homogenates were resolved on SDS-PAGE gradient gels (4–15%, Tris-Glycine) and transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes. Primary antibody incubation occurred at 4°C for a minimum of 16 hours. Blots were then washed with 0.1% TBST, followed by incubation with anti-HRP secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling) for a minimum of 1 hour at room temperature. Band intensities were visualized using chemiluminescence (SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate, Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA) and quantified using NIH ImageJ Data Acquisition Software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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2

Cardiac Signaling Protein Assay

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All chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific unless otherwise specified. β1-AR was from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Dallas, TX, U.S.A.). Cx43, PKA, P-PKA (T197), ERK1/2, P-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), P-CamKII (T286), CamKII, calreticulin, calmodulin, P-S6 (S240/244), S6, and HRP-conjugated mouse and rabbit secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, U.S.A.). HCN2 and Kv4.2 antibodies were from Neuro-Mab (Davis, CA, U.S.A.). NCX-1 was from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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The expressions of β1-AR(Santa Cruz Biotechnology), β2-AR(Santa Cruz Biotechnology), phospho-CREB, CREB(Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, Massachusetts, USA) and HuR(Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were examined by western-blot. All cell samples were lysed in lysis buffer. The protein concentration was assessed by BCA protein assay kit (Life Technologies). Proteins were subjected to electrophoresis with 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel and transferred to NC membranes. The membranes were analyzed with antibodies according to the supplier’s protocol, and immunolabelled bands were visualized by use of the Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA).
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4

Nebivolol Modulates Autophagy and eNOS

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Anti-autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS, Ser1177) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against BNP, PGC-1α, IL-1β, β1-AR, β2-AR, β3-AR and ASC-1 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against ATG7, LC3B, Actin and NLRP3 were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-4-Hydroxy-2-noneal Michael Adducts (4-HNE), Caspase-1, MnSOD and catalase were from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-goat IgG, peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG, and peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, USA). The BCA™ protein assay kit and Pierce ECL Western blotting substrate were from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Nebivolol was provided by Hanxiang Company (Wuhan, China). The reverse transcription system kit was from Promega (Mannheim, Germany) and HotStarTaq from Takara (Otsu, Shiga, Japan). D-loop, Nrf1, Tfam and 18S rRNA primers were synthesised by Bioasia Biotech (Shanghai, China). Lentiviral shRNA β3-AR and shRNA against eNOS constructs were synthesised by Genechem Corporation (Shanghai, China).
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