FGF21 was purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA). Alzet Mini-Osmotic Pumps (model 2004) were purchased from Durect Corp. (Cupertino, CA, USA). Vitamin D3, nicotine, Alizarin-red S and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Calcium assay kit was purchased from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was purchased from Jiancheng Biological Corp. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Antibodies against GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies against p-JNK and JNK were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against GAPDH and all secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The kit for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Indianapolis, IN, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
Fgf21
Manufactured by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals
Sourced in United States
FGF21 is a laboratory reagent produced by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals. It is a recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 protein. FGF21 is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Alzet mini osmotic pumps model 2004, by Durect (2 mentions)
Alizarin red s, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vitamin d3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicotine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amylase assay kit, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions)
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Advia 1800, by Siemens (1 mentions)
5 protocols using fgf21
1
FGF21 Effects on Bone Metabolism
2
Amylase Secretion in Acinar Cells
3
Evaluating FGF21 Signaling Pathway
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FGF21 was from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for β-Klotho and FGFR1 was purchased from Cloud-Clone Co. (Wuhan, Hubei, China). The ALP kit was from Jiancheng Biological Co. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). The calcium assay kit was from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). The VDN was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The urea determination kit and creatinine determination kit were purchased from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). The regents for calcium and phosphate determination were from North Beijing Xinchuangyuan seized Biological Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Alzet Mini-Osmotic Pumps, model 2004, were from Durect Corp. (Cupertino, CA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
4
FGF21 Infusion in Mice
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The protocols used in this study were approved by the Southern Illinois University Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were randomly assigned to treatment or vehicle groups, based on fed glucose levels and body weight. The mice were treated with vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) or with recombinant human FGF21 (Tany Technogene, Rehovot, Israel) at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/d via continuous subcutaneous infusion with microosmotic pumps (Model 1007D, Alzet, Cupertino, CA) for one week {this minimal robustly effective dosing paradigm for FGF21 was determined based on previously published dose-response data [53 (link)]}. After one week, mice were euthanized between 0900 and 1100 h by cardiac puncture under Isoflurane (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc., St Joseph, MO) anesthesia. Livers were removed quickly, snap-frozen, and stored at −80°C. Blood was centrifuged (4000 ×g for 10 min. at 4°C), and plasma was stored at −80°C.
5
Anthropometric and Biochemical Markers in HD
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Height and post-HD body weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated [16 (link), 17 (link)]. According to the criteria specified by the Department of Health in Taiwan, overweight was defined as BMI ≥24 and obese as BMI ≥27 [18 (link)]. Fasting blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 10 min before HD. Serum samples were stored at 4°C and analyzed within 1 h of collection. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total calcium, phosphorus, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by standard laboratory methods (Siemens Advia 1800, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Henkestr, Germany) [16 (link), 17 (link)]. The fractional clearance index for urea (Kt/V) was calculated from a formal, single-compartment dialysis urea kinetic model. Serum FGF-21 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) concentrations were measured with commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits [19 (link)]. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) [16 (link), 17 (link)].
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