Bovine micellar casein and whey protein isolate were obtained by microfiltration as reported elsewhere [30] (link). Soy protein isolate (Premium Powders Pty Ltd), pea protein isolate (True Protein Pty Ltd), titanium dioxide (P25, ≥99.5%, 21 nm primary particle size, Sigma-Aldrich), two graphite materials (synthetic powder, <20 µm, Sigma-Aldrich; and natural flakes, −325 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich), chitosan (from shrimp shells, ≥75% deacetylated, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium caseinate (SC, Sigma-Aldrich), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (≥99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), cyclohexane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane and hexadecane (≥99% for all alkanes, Sigma-Aldrich), sunflower oil, skim milk powder, butter (local supermarket), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, Palsgaard A/S), single-layer graphene oxide suspension (SKU# GNO1W001, 10 mg mL−1, ACS Material, LLC) were used as received. Analytical grade chemicals, including sodium chloride, L-ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, tri-potassium citrate, calcium chloride, dipotassium phosphate, were obtained from Chem-Supply. Milli-Q water was used in all experiments.
Sulfuric acid
Manufactured by Chem-Supply
Sourced in Australia
Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, odorless liquid chemical compound. It is the chemical formula H2SO4.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chem-Supply (7 mentions)
Potassium permanganate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Chem-Supply (3 mentions)
Potassium permanganate, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Tetradecane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium dioxide p25, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium caseinate sc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dodecane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyclohexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexadecane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Chem-Supply (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Chem-Supply (1 mentions)
Formononetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Chem-Supply (1 mentions)
8 protocols using sulfuric acid
1
Characterization of Milk Proteins and Nano-additives
2
Standard Analytical Reagent Procurement
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Analytical grade acetone, acetic acid, anhydrous sodium acetate, ethanol, hexane, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sulfuric acid were obtained from Chem Supply (Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and ammonium acetate as well as analytical standards (Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, vanillin, gallic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, (+)-catechin, coumestrol, formononetin, genistein, and naringenin) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Australia).
3
Graphite Powder Production and Functionalization
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Natural graphite rocks
were obtained from a local mining site (Uley, Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia, Australia), crushed into powder using a benchtop ring mill
(Rocklabs), and sifted using a 25 μm sieve. Potassium permanganate
(Sigma-Aldrich), 85% w/w phosphoric acid (Chem-Supply), 98% sulfuric
acid (Chem-Supply), 30% hydrogen peroxide (Chem-Supply), 36% hydrochloric
acid (Chem-Supply), 64–65% hydrazine monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich),
30% ammonia (Chem-Supply), cysteamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF, Chem-Supply),
2,2-azobis-2-methylpropionitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (Chem-Supply),
ethyl acetate (Chem-Supply), and ethanol (Chem-Supply) were used directly
without prior purification.
were obtained from a local mining site (Uley, Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia, Australia), crushed into powder using a benchtop ring mill
(Rocklabs), and sifted using a 25 μm sieve. Potassium permanganate
(Sigma-Aldrich), 85% w/w phosphoric acid (Chem-Supply), 98% sulfuric
acid (Chem-Supply), 30% hydrogen peroxide (Chem-Supply), 36% hydrochloric
acid (Chem-Supply), 64–65% hydrazine monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich),
30% ammonia (Chem-Supply), cysteamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF, Chem-Supply),
2,2-azobis-2-methylpropionitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (Chem-Supply),
ethyl acetate (Chem-Supply), and ethanol (Chem-Supply) were used directly
without prior purification.
4
Preparation of Graphite-based Electrode Materials
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Commercial graphite rocks were purchased from Uley (Eyre Peninsula, SA, Australia). Polyvinylidenefluroride pellets and potassium permanganate (99%) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillman, Australia). Hydrochloric acid (37%), hydrogen peroxide (35%), sulfuric acid and N,N–dimethylformamide were purchased from Chem-supply (Gillman, Australia). Potassium persulphate (K2S2O8) was purchased from Scharlau (Germany). Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and titanium(IV) oxide (purity > 99.5% having specific surface area of 9.6 m2 g−1) were taken from Riedel-de Haen (Germany). All reagents were used without any treatment and purification.
5
Synthesis of Graphite-Based Composites
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Commercial natural graphite rocks (Uley, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia) were purchased from an Australian mining site. Potassium permanganate (97% KMnO4, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillman, Australia), hydrochloric acid (35% HCl, Chem-Supply, Gillman, Australia), sulfuric acid (98% H2SO4, Chem-Supply, Gillman, Australia), phosphoric acid (85% H3PO4, Chem-Supply, Gillman, Australia), hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2, Chem-Supply, Gillman, Australia), N,N–Dimethylforamide (99.8% DMF, Chem-supply, Gillman, Australia), barium titanate(IV) (< 100 nm particle size, 99% BaTiO3, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and polyvinylidenefluroride (PVDF, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of PVA-based Antioxidant Complex
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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (MW 146,000–186 000, 99 wt% hydrolysed), diethylamine (DEA) (99.5 wt%), l -ascorbic acid (reagent grade), ammonium molybdate (bioreagent 81.0–83.0% MoO3 basis), potassium antimony(iii ) tartrate hydrate (99 wt%), citric acid (ACS reagent, ≥99.5%) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (powder, 98 wt%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Sulfuric acid (98 wt%) and hydrochloric acid (35 wt%) were purchased from Chemsupply (Adelaide, Australia). FePO4 (98 wt%) was refined from iron phosphate slag (82 wt%) which was described in our earlier work.24
7
Laccase Inactivation at Low pH
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The inactivation of laccase at low pH was analyzed by drop-wise addition of ice-cold sulfuric acid (1 M; Chem-supply, Seventeen Mile Rocks, Australia) to portions of B. cinerea culture supernatant. Addition was performed on ice to prevent heat denaturation of proteases, and pH was constantly monitored while the supernatant was stirred. A volume of water equivalent to the volume of added acid was added to control samples to account for sample dilution. Low pH samples were kept at 4 °C for 1 h to allow time for inactivation of laccase. Samples were placed back onto ice and the pH returned to 4 with the addition of ice-cold 1 M NaOH (Chem-supply, Seventeen Mile Rocks, Australia). All analyses were performed in triplicate.
8
Graphite Oxidation and Reduction Protocol
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Natural graphite flakes, sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). 98% sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), 32% hydrochloric acid (HCl), 30% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), absolute ethanol (EtOH) and 95% n-hexane were purchased from Chem-Supply (Australia). L-ascorbic acid was purchased from BDH Chemicals (Australia). SYLGARD®184 silicone elastomer kit (PDMS) was purchased from Dow Corning (USA) and used as received.
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