Vglut2 cre mice

Two-month-old C57BL/6J mice were purchased from Shanghai Jihui Laboratory Animal Care Co., Ltd. Vglut2-Cre mice (#: 028863) and Vgat-Cre mice (#: 028862), also two months old, were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory. All mice were bred within an SPF (Specific pathogen-free) barrier system and were housed in groups of five per cage with free access to food and water, and subjected to a 12-h light/dark cycle. Except for the experiments in Supplementary Fig. 2, male mice were used. These mice underwent an acclimation period of at least one week before being used in any experiments.

All procedures were in accordance with the recommendations of the European Commission (2010/63/EU) for care and use of laboratory animals and approved by the French National Ethical Committee (#9185-2017020911476246 and #16459-2018061116303066). We used male C57BL/6J mice (Janvier Labs, France), vGAT-CRE mice (The Jackson Laboratory, stock number: 028862), vGluT2-CRE mice [24 (link)], and ChAT-CRE mice (The Jackson Laboratory, stock number: 006410). Transgenic mice were heterozygous and backcrossed on a C57BL/6J background. Mice were housed 4–5 mice per cage on a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle with lights on from 8:00 a.m to 8:00 p.m. Mice had free access to food and water ad libitum. Enriched housing consisted of a chewing block of wood, a plastic igloo and cotton to facilitate nesting. All mice used in behavioural experiments were handled daily for 1 week before each test to limit any stress induced by intraperitoneal injections and connections to laser cables for in vivo optogenetic experiment. All tests were performed on adult mice that were at least 2 months old and littermates were used as controls. All the experiments were performed in accordance to the ARRIVE guidelines.

Vglut2-Cre mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. All animals were housed under specific-pathogen-free conditions with a constant temperature of 22°C – 24°C and humidity of 38% – 42% on a light-controlled schedule (lights on 07:00– 19:00) with ad libitum access to food and water. All experiments were done during the light-on period. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation and conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experimentation at the Fourth Military Medical University as well as the ARRIVE guidelines. Sample size was calculated based on the statistical formula and previous reports [18 (link)].

Male C57BL/6 J mice (Experimental Animal Center of the Xuzhou Medical University, China) and VGluT2-Cre mice (Jackson Lab, America) were used in the study (Male D1-Cre & D2-Cre mice from Jackson Lab, America, were used in the supplementary experiments). Mice (Maximum, 5 per cage) were housed in a vivarium (22°C–25°C) with free access to food and water under a light/dark cycle of 12 h. All the mice were randomly grouped and subjected to experiments during the light time of the cycle. All the investigators were blinded to experimental conditions during testing. All the experiments were permitted by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xuzhou Medical University and performed following the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health.

We purchased 4- to 5-month-old male and female C57BL/6, Thy1-YFP line (strain 003782) and VGlut2-Cre mice (strain 028863) from The Jackson Laboratory. Mice were housed in temperature-controlled vivarium on a 12 hours light/dark cycle (lights on at 07:00 am, lights off at 07:00 pm) with food and water available ad libitum. CD1 mice (16–26 weeks old, male) and Sprague-Dawley rats (10–14 weeks old, male) were also purchased from the Jackson Laboratory and Charles River Laboratories, respectively.

In our experiments, we used male adult (8–12 weeks) C57BL/6J wild-type mice and four kinds of transgenic mice: D1-cre mice, D2-cre mice, Vglut2-cre mice, D1-Cre::Vglut2-Flpo mice. The D1-cre (#034258-UCD) and D2-cre mice (#032108-UCD) were from the Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center. The Vglut2-Cre mice (Vglut2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2; #016963) was from Jackson Laboratory. The D1-Cre::Vglut2-Flpo mice was gifted from Dr. Wei L. Shen. All transgenic mice were bred onto C57BL/6 background for at least one generation. All experimental procedures involving mice were housed in a 12 h light/dark cycle in a temperature-and humidity-controlled environment with food and water freely available. All experimental procedures conformed to Fudan University as well as international guidelines on the ethical use of animals. All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used.