3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, and Oil Red O powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), bovine serum (BS), fetal bovine serum, and antibiotic-antimycotic (ABAM) were obtained from Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). A 45% HFD was acquired from research diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corporation (Daejeon, Republic of Korea), and SYBR Premix Ex Taq was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Japan). Antibodies against PPARγ (cat. No. sc-7273), C/EBPα (cat. No. sc-9314), SREBP1 (cat. No. sc-13551), and β-actin (cat. No. sc-81178) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).
Pparγ
Manufactured by Bioneer
PPARγ is a nuclear receptor that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. It plays a key role in regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. PPARγ is a widely studied target in various research fields, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, and cancer.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
C ebpα, by Bioneer (5 mentions)
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh oligonucleotide primers, by Bioneer (4 mentions)
Sybr premix ex taq, by Takara Bio (3 mentions)
Horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (3 mentions)
Srebp1, by Bioneer (3 mentions)
Antibiotic antimycotic abam, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Oil red o powder, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Srebp 1c, by Bioneer (2 mentions)
Gapdh oligonucleotide primers, by Bioneer (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Bovine serum, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 isobutyl 1 methyl xanthine (ibmx), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sybr green master mix, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Oil red o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
High fat diet (hfd), by Research Diets (1 mentions)
3 isobutyl 1 methylxanthine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Random oligonucleotide primers, by Promega (1 mentions)
Ucp 1, by Bioneer (1 mentions)
8 protocols using pparγ
1
Adipocyte Differentiation Regulation
2
Adipocyte Differentiation Protocol
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BV, IBMX, Dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, Oil red O, and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium (DMEM), bovine serum (BS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin (PS) were purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Antibodies against PPARγ (E-8; cat. no. sc-7273), C/EBPα (C-18; cat. no. sc-9314), and β-actin (C4; cat. no. sc-47778) were purchased from Santa Cruz biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK; Thr202/Tyr204; cat. no. #9101), ERK (cat. no. #9102), phospho-stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK; Thr183/Tyr185; cat. no. #9251), JNK (cat. no. #9252), phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38; Thr180/Thy182; cat. no. #9215), p38 (cat. no. #9212), p-AMPK (Thr172; cat. no. #2535), AMPK (cat. no. #2532), p-ACC (Ser79; cat. no. #3661), and ACC (cat. no. #3662) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA) Horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA). SYBR Green Master Mix was purchased from Applied Biosystems (Foster, CA, USA). C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, PPARγ, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea).
3
Adipogenic Effects of IBMX, DEX, and Insulin
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3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, and Oil Red O powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), bovine serum (BS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and Antibiotic-Antimycotic (ABAM) were purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Orlistat was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). HFD (30%) was obtained from Research Diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corporation (Daejeon, Republic of Korea), and SYBR Premix Ex Taq was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Japan). Antibodies against PPARγ (cat. No. sc-7273), C/EBPα (cat. No. sc-9314), SREBP1 (cat. No. sc-13551), C/EBPβ (cat. No. sc-150), and β-actin (cat. No. sc-81178) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).
4
Relative gene expression analysis
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Oligonucleotide primers specific for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, PPARγ, UCP-1, αSMA, and Col1α1 were purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea). M-MLV reverse transcriptase and random Oligonucleotide primers were from Promega (Fitchburg, WI, USA). TOP script RT Dry MIX was from Enzynomics Co., Ltd. (Daejeon, Korea). Thunderbird SYBR quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Mix was from TOYOBO Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Bisdemethoxycurcumin Modulates Metabolic Pathways
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Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC, Fig 1 ) was purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). Silymarin (SIL) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Anti-β-actin, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies and biotinylated antibodies for mouse IL-6 and TNF-α were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Anti-pThr172- 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and anti-AMPK antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). SREBP-1c, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, and GAPDH oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corp. (Daejeon, Korea).
6
Herbal Extract Composition and Anti-Obesity Effects
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TBS consists of C. rotundus L., C. unshiu Markovich, and Poria cocos. The three herbs were purchased from Nanum Pharmaceutical Company (Seoul, Republic of Korea). The herbal samples were performed for sensory test according to ‘The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia’ by Prof. Yun-Yeop Cha, and only those that passed the Korean Pharmacopoeia standard were selected and used for this experiment. TBS was made using a 1: 1: 1 ratio of these herbs (400 g each). The herbs were then extracted in water at 99 °C for 3 h. The extract was freeze-dried, and the yield rate was calculated at 33.20% (33.20 g per 100 g of liquid extract). The powder was dissolved in distilled water for this experiment, and the residual powder was stored at − 20 °C. The 30% HFD was obtained from Research Diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). The p-AMPK and AMPK antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, AMPK, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corporation (Daejeon, Republic of Korea), and SYBR Premix Ex Taq was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Japan). Orlistat was purchased Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Quantitative Analysis of Cardiac and Stem Cell Markers
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Total RNA from MSC was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies, CA, USA), and the RNA samples were converted into complementary DNA by using an Applied Biosystems High-Capacity cDNA Reverse transcription Kit (Invitrogen, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was performed using a QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen, Valencia, USA) and Corbett Research Rotor-Gene RG-3000 Real Time PCR System. Pre-designed primers for human GATA4, Nkx2.5, cTnI, Runx2, PPAR-γ, Col2a1, Nanog, Sox2, Oct4, Fog2, Art27, YAP, p21, and AREG were purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea). MiR-130a was quantified by RT-PCR using TaqMan® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Life Technologies, USA). The primers of miR-130a and 18S were purchased from TaqMan® MicroRNA assay (Life Technologies, USA).
8
Adipogenic Differentiation Protocol
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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing low or high glucose levels, fetal bovine serum (FBS), fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY). Antibodies against C/EBPα, PPARγ, and β-actin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). The RNA extraction kit was from Intron Biotechnology (Seoul, Korea). PPARγ, aP2, CD36, FAS, LPL, and GAPDH oligonucleotide primers were from Bioneer Co. (Daejeon, Korea). Rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, GW0742, GW7647, protein inhibitor cocktail, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride, hematoxylin,eosin and all other chemicals were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). LFE and FSB were isolated from Lysimachia foenum-graecum as previously described [3 (link), 4 (link)].
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