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82 protocols using images plus 2

1

Measuring Sphere Size in Assays

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For sphere-formation assays, the size of the spheres was determined using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 software in three randomly chosen visual fields until day 4. Clones were photographed using a phase-contrast microscope, and the sphere diameter was measured using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 software.
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2

Sphere Formation and Clonal Assays

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For sphere forming assays, size of PHS-treated spheres was monitored on day 1-4 using Motic Images Plus 2.0 software in three randomly chosen fields. We measured 30-40 spheres each sample from different independent field and calculate average size of spheres. For the self-renewal or clonal assays, individual breast cancer sphere cells were plated into 96-well cell culture plates and after 1 day, each well was visually checked to verify the presence of a single cell. The clones were grown, and clone formation was monitored on 1-16 days. Clone size was measured using a phase-contrast microscope with Motic Images Plus 2.0 [34 (link)].
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3

Histological Assessment of Colonic Damage

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After the macroscopic scoring, the fragments of the distal colon (approximately 0.5 cm in length) were stapled flat, mucosal side up, onto cardboards and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for 24 h at 4 °C. Samples were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, mounted onto slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Subsequently, sections were examined using microscope (Motic AE31 microscope, Ted Pella, Sweden). A digital imaging system consisting of a digital camera (Moticam 2300, Ted Pella, Sweden) and image analysis software (Motic Images Plus 2.0, Germany) were used to take photographs. A microscopic total damage score was assessed by a blinded fashion using the scoring system based on the presence (score = 1) or absence (score = 0) of goblet cell depletion, the presence (score = 1) or absence (score = 0) of crypt abscesses, the destruction of mucosal architecture (normal = 1, moderate = 2, extensive = 3), the extent of muscle thickening (normal = 1, moderate = 2, extensive = 3), and the presence and degree of immune cell infiltration (normal = 1, moderate = 2, transmural = 3).
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4

Larval Locomotion Quantification

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Individual larvae (90~94 hours after egg-laying) were separated from the food using a 15% glucose solution and rinsed with distilled water. They were then placed on the surface of a plate of 2.5% agar mixed with 1mL India ink (to have a black background). The larvae were allowed to acclimate for 1 minute and a video was then recorded for 30 seconds at approximately 10 frames per second using a Moticam3 digital camera (Motic) and Motic Images Plus 2.0 software. The video was analyzed using the MTrack2 plug-in (from http://valelab.ucsf.edu/~nico/IJplugins/MTrack2.html) for ImageJ (from http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/). The path length was recorded; scores were quantified as the distance traveled per minute.
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5

Aortic Lesion Quantification Protocol

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Serial sections (8 μm) of the aortic sinus or arch were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the lesion size. Elastica van Gieson staining was used for the visualization of vascular elastic fibers and to determine the collagen content. Quantification analysis was assessed with Motic Images Plus 2.0 software (Plus 2.0, Hong Kong, Kowloon, China).
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6

Histological Assessment of Colonic Damage

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After macroscopic scoring, segments of the distal colon were stapled flat, mucosal side up, onto cardboard and fixed in 10 % neutral-buffered formalin for 24 h at 4 °C. Samples were then dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and mounted onto slides. Subsequently, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using a Motic AE31 microscope (Ted Pella, Redding, CA, USA). Photographs were taken using a digital imaging system consisting of a digital camera (Moticam 2300, Ted Pella, Redding, CA, USA) and image analysis software (MoticImages Plus 2.0, Motic Deutschland GmbH, Wetzlar Germany). Microscopic total damage score was determined in blind manner based on the presence (score = 1) or absence (score = 0) of goblet cell depletion, the presence (score = 1) or absence (score = 0) of crypt abscesses, the destruction of mucosal architecture (normal = 1, moderate = 2, extensive = 3), the extent of muscle thickening (normal = 1, moderate = 2, extensive = 3), and the presence and degree of cellular infiltration (normal = 1, moderate = 2, transmural = 3).
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7

Visualizing Apoptosis in KB Cells

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KB cells were seeded in 12-well plates at a density of 5 × 104 cells/well, and exposed to free peptide or Lipo (Pep) (20 µg/mL of peptide) for 24 h. The cells were washed with PBS and stained with Caspase-3/7 Green Ready Probes TM Reagent (R37111, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 1 h to visualize the level of apoptosis. The stained cells were observed using Moticam Pro 205A camera coupled to a computer with the Motic Images Plus 2.0 (Richmond, BC, Canada) software.
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8

Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Structure

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At the completion of the study the animals were sacrificed and the femur bone was extracted and used to study the bone structure. The bone samples were fixed in cyanuric chloride (0.5%) in methanol containing 1% N-methyl morpholine (0.1 M) for two days [27 (link)], then decalcified using formic acid (10%) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A digital compound microscope (Motic AE2000, Motic Asia, Kowloon, Hong Kong) was used to examine the slides and histopathological changes; the structure and morphology of the trabecular bone were especially assessed. Histomorphometry variables were analyzed using an image analyzing computer software (Motic images plus 2.0) linked to a microscope [28 (link)].
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9

MCF-7 Sphere-Forming Assay Protocol

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MCF-7cells (1.5 × 105) were incubated for 7 days at 37 °C in an incubator. For the sphere-forming assay, the size of spheres was monitored on days 1–7 using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 software in six randomly chosen fields. The size of each randomly taken sphere was calculated as the average value and the error value of the entire sphere. Quantification was performed using the Image J software.
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10

Neurosphere Diameter Quantification

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For diameter measurements, cells were seeded at 7500 cells per well in a 24-well dish and treated 9 days with different LPS concentrations (500 pg/ml, 5 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 500 ng/ml, 5 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml) before diameter of the neurospheres were quantified in three independent experiments. Pictures were taken using an Olympus CKX microscope (Olympus) with a Moticam 2500 and the Motic Images Plus 2.0 software (Motic) and diameter was measured using the image-processing software ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, freeware). The minimal number of cells was four cells to consider one aggregate as a neurosphere.
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