SiNPs were synthesized by tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), ammonium hydroxide, ethanol, and deionized water according to the methods previously reported.35 ,36 At first, 3 mL of ammonium hydroxide (30%, J.T. Baker, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA) was added to deionized water and 50 mL of ethanol (EtOH, 99.8%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) to make an ammonium–water–EtOH solution, and the solution was stirred vigorously for 5 minutes after admixture. Then, 1.5 mL of TEOS (Sigma Aldrich) was added dropwise to the ammonium–water–EtOH solution with stirring for 1 hour, giving a milky white suspension. This mixture was stood for 17 hours to coarsen the SiNPs. The solidified SiNPs were collected after centrifugation and ethanol washing.
Ammonium hydroxide
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, France, Poland
Ammonium hydroxide is a clear, colorless solution of ammonia in water. It is a common laboratory chemical used as a pH adjustor and a source of ammonium ions. Ammonium hydroxide is primarily used in various analytical and industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Avantor (7 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Avantor (6 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Magnesium chloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Avantor (4 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Magnesium sulphate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Carbachol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Avantor (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (3 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ctab, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
54 protocols using ammonium hydroxide
1
Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles via TEOS
2
Quantitative LC-MS Analysis of Glutathione
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Reduced and oxidized glutathione were profiled in negative ionization mode by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods as described previously38 (link). Data were acquired using an ACQUITY UPLC (Waters Corp, Milford MA) coupled to a 5500 QTRAP triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (AB SCIEX, Framingham MA). Tissue homogenates (30 μL) were extracted using 120 μL of 80% methanol containing 0.05 ng/μL inosine-15N4, 0.05 ng/μL thymine-d4, and 0.1 ng/μL glycocholate-d4 as internal standards (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury MA). The samples were centrifuged (10 min, 9,000 × g, 4ºC) and the supernatants (10 μL) were injected directly onto a 150 × 2.0 mm Luna NH2 column (Phenomenex, Torrance CA). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 400 μL/min with initial conditions of 10% mobile phase A (20 mM ammonium acetate and 20 mM ammonium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich) in water (VWR)) and 90% mobile phase B (10 mM ammonium hydroxide in 75:25 v/v acetonitrile/methanol (VWR)) followed by a 10 min linear gradient to 100% mobile phase A. The ion spray voltage was −4.5 kV and the source temperature was 500°C. Raw data were processed using MultiQuant 2.1 software (AB SCIEX, Framingham MA) for automated peak integration. LC-MS data were processed and visually inspected using TraceFinder 3.1 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA).
3
Optimized In-line IMER-CZE-MS/MS Analysis
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Analytical grade reagents were used. Porcine pancreas trypsin (Type IX-S, lyophilized powder, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a proteolytic enzyme. For in-solution digestions, trypsin was freshly prepared in double-deionized water; for IMER digestions, the enzyme was dissolved in acetic acid (pH = 4) solution. N-α-benzoyl-l -arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride (BAEE) substrate was used to examine the parameters affecting IMER efficiency. Human serum albumin (HSA) (Sigma) and human tears were digested to test the reliability of the in-line IMER in a CZE-MS/MS setup. BAEE, urea, dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAM), NH4HCO3, and NH4Ac stock solutions (all Sigma products) were prepared in double-deionized water (Elix-3, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). HCl, NaOH, ammonium hydroxide, acetic acid (HAc) solutions, isopropanol, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA).
4
Synthesis and Purification of MFA and Impurities
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The compound (MFA,
99%) and its impurities (copper(II) acetate (98%), CBA (98%), 2–3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline (99%), and benzoic acid (99.5%)) were sourced
from Sigma-Aldrich. The crystallization solvents used included ethyl
acetate (99%, Alfa Aesar) and diglyme (99%, Alpha Aesar), whereas
the wash solvents used were n-heptane (99%, Alfa
Aesar) and cyclohexane (99%, Alpha Aesar).
The HPLC mobile phase
was prepared with water (HPLC grade, VWR), ammonium phosphate (98%,
Sigma-Aldrich), and ammonium hydroxide with a concentration of 3M,
acetonitrile (HPLC grade, VWR), and tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich).
MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, benzoic acid,
and CBA cause serious eye damage/irritation. MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, and CBA can cause skin irritation.
Diglyme, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane
are flammable solvents. Ethyl acetate causes serious eye damage/irritation. n-heptane and cyclohexane can cause skin irritation. Diglyme
can cause damage to an unborn child and organ damage. Ethyl acetate, n-heptane, and cyclohexane can cause drowsiness/dizziness.
cyclohexane is toxic if swallowed. n-heptane and
cyclohexane are very toxic to aquatic life.
99%) and its impurities (copper(II) acetate (98%), CBA (98%), 2–3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline (99%), and benzoic acid (99.5%)) were sourced
from Sigma-Aldrich. The crystallization solvents used included ethyl
acetate (99%, Alfa Aesar) and diglyme (99%, Alpha Aesar), whereas
the wash solvents used were n-heptane (99%, Alfa
Aesar) and cyclohexane (99%, Alpha Aesar).
The HPLC mobile phase
was prepared with water (HPLC grade, VWR), ammonium phosphate (98%,
Sigma-Aldrich), and ammonium hydroxide with a concentration of 3M,
acetonitrile (HPLC grade, VWR), and tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich).
MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, benzoic acid,
and CBA cause serious eye damage/irritation. MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, and CBA can cause skin irritation.
Diglyme, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane
are flammable solvents. Ethyl acetate causes serious eye damage/irritation. n-heptane and cyclohexane can cause skin irritation. Diglyme
can cause damage to an unborn child and organ damage. Ethyl acetate, n-heptane, and cyclohexane can cause drowsiness/dizziness.
cyclohexane is toxic if swallowed. n-heptane and
cyclohexane are very toxic to aquatic life.
5
Quantitative Analysis of Clonazepam and Metabolite
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CLB (1.0 mg/mL in methanol), N-CLB (1.0 mg/mL in 90/10 acetonitrile/DMSO), CLB-13C6 (100 µg/mL in methanol) and N-CLB-13C6 (100 µg/L in acetonitrile) stocks were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, ethyl acetate, and ammonium hydroxide were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA). Powdered ammonium formate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
6
Synthesis of Magnesium Stearate Powder
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Pure magnesium stearate powder was prepared by dispersing 0.2 mol stearic acid (99%, Sigma–Aldrich) in deionized water (1200 ml, Milli-Q) heated to 363 K. Ammonium hydroxide (28%, VWR) was added dropwise very slowly with rigorous stirring until the solution reached a pH of 10, generating a fatty acid soap. Magnesium stearate was precipitated by adding 0.1 mol of MgCl2·6H2O (99%, Sigma–Aldrich). Finally, the product was isolated by vacuum filtration and suspended for 24 h in acetone and then for 24 h in deionized water. Vacuum filtration and drying of the suspended powder, resulted in a fluffy white powder. The yield was not precisely measured as it was not expected to influence the findings.
7
Green Synthesis of Bismuth Vanadate Photocatalyst
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Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), ammonium vanadate (NH4VO3), titanium dioxide (Degussa P25), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), ethanol, acetone and BG-11 ingredients were purchased from VWR International (USA). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without purification.
8
Quantitative LC-MS Analysis of Glutathione
9
Cibacron Blue Functionalized Silica-Based Materials
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Cibacron Blue was purchased from Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, PA, USA). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (monomer), N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, methanol, and isopropanol were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium hydroxide was supplied by VWR (Media, PA, USA). All other reagents were analytical grade. Nonapeptide was donated by Dr. M. de la Torre and alpha zein 34-mer by Dr. A.M. Calderon.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Materials
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Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) for synthesis (≥99%), potassium peroxodisulphate (K2S2O8) for analysis (≥99%), sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) for analysis (≥97%), and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) for synthesis (≥98%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl-methacrylate (TPM) (≥98%) was purchased from Aldrich (Munic, Germany).
Ethanol (99.5%, dried over molecular sieves) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (Nipam) (stabilized, 99%) were purchased from ACROS Organics (Nidderau, Germany).
Ammonium hydroxide (NH3; 25%) for analysis was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany).
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for biochemistry (≥99%) was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Ammonium iron (II) sulphate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) American Chemical Society (ACS) reagent (99%) and technical Ethanol (92.6–93.8%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munic, Germany). The technical Ethanol was distilled twice prior to use. The other chemicals were used as obtained.
3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl-methacrylate (TPM) (≥98%) was purchased from Aldrich (Munic, Germany).
Ethanol (99.5%, dried over molecular sieves) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (Nipam) (stabilized, 99%) were purchased from ACROS Organics (Nidderau, Germany).
Ammonium hydroxide (NH3; 25%) for analysis was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany).
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for biochemistry (≥99%) was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Ammonium iron (II) sulphate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) American Chemical Society (ACS) reagent (99%) and technical Ethanol (92.6–93.8%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munic, Germany). The technical Ethanol was distilled twice prior to use. The other chemicals were used as obtained.
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