Spss 25.0 statistics software

Manufactured by IBM

Sourced in United States

SPSS 25.0 is a comprehensive statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides a wide range of data analysis and statistical modeling capabilities, enabling users to manage, analyze, and present data effectively. The software supports a variety of statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and predictive modeling. SPSS 25.0 is designed to work with a diverse range of data formats and can be used for a wide variety of applications, including market research, social science research, and data-driven decision-making.

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Excel 2010, by IBM (1 mentions)

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10 protocols using spss 25.0 statistics software

Dose-Dependent NMES Effects on EEG

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The statistical tests were performed in IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) and MATLAB. We used the Shapiro–Wilk test to determine the normality of the data. Accordingly, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for repeated measures was performed to find differences in the dependent variables, alpha and beta ERD/ERS, with NMES intensity (four levels: no stimulation, low-, medium-, and high-intensity stimulation) as within-subject factor. In order to determine the origin of the significant effect, post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were performed.
In order to analyze whether NMES can induce a dose-effect, we studied the ERD/ERS changes over time. For that, we computed the alpha and beta ERD/ERS for each single trial (i.e., in Eq. 4, P_j was the alpha/beta power of each trial during the NMES period, and the baseline was calculated from the grand average of all the trials of each intensity). A linear regression was estimated for the ERD/ERS values over trials for the two frequency bands (i.e., alpha and beta) and the three NMES intensities (i.e., low, medium, and high). Correlation between ERD/ERS and sequence of trials were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to study stimulation effects over time.

Insausti-Delgado A., López-Larraz E., Omedes J, & Ramos-Murguialday A. (2021). Intensity and Dose of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Influence Sensorimotor Cortical Excitability. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 593360.

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Exclusive Breastfeeding and BDNF Levels

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Interval scale variables were checked for normal distribution through both graphical procedures and using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation—SD) for continuous variables, and as counts and percentages for categorical variables. Characteristics of participants were compared by sex using the Fisher´s exact test for categorical variables and Student’s t test for continuous variables.
Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to test differences in mean BDNF serum levels by exclusive breastfeeding duration categories. Firstly, ANCOVA was stratified by sex and controlled for age, birth weight, SES and sexual maturation. Secondly, the analysis was stratified by age, controlling for sex, birth weight, SES and sexual maturation. The mean differences in BDNF serum levels according to age categories and sexual maturation stages controlling for sex, age, birth weight and SES were also tested.
All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics software, and the level of significance was set at α < 0.05.

Berlanga-Macías C., Sánchez-López M., Solera-Martínez M., Díez-Fernández A., Ballesteros-Yáñez I., Castillo-Sarmiento C.A., Martínez-Ortega I.A, & Martínez-Vizcaíno V. (2021). Relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in children. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0248023.

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Statistical Analysis of Infection Prognosis

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The independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used to compare continuous variables and categorical variables between the infection and control groups. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median ± range if the data were not normally distributed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for univariate analysis, and the results were compared using the log-rank test. The subgroup analysis of the prognosis of mild and severe infections was the same as before. Using the statistically significant variables obtained through univariate analysis, a Cox proportional-hazards model was then applied to perform. Variables were significant when p values were <0.05. The statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics software (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp), and the survival curve was generated by R (version 3.6.1).

Zhang Y., Li X., Zhang X., Huang T., Guo H., Xie X., Zhang C, & Xu M. (2022). Analysis of Infectious Complications after Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Impact on Long-Term Survival. Cancers, 14(21), 5198.

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Evaluating Knee Replacement Effectiveness

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Standard descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic data and baseline characteristics. For normally distributed variables, unpaired t tests were used to compare the UKA and TKA groups. Mann–Whitney tests were used for continuous non-normally distributed variables and Chi-square tests for dichotomous variables to test for differences between TKA and UKA patients at baseline. The effectiveness of UKA in reducing patients’ difficulty in performing specific knee-burdensome activities was evaluated. The results are given in percentage of score improvement between 3 months before the UKA (T1) and 2 years after UKA (T2) and sorted from most improvement to least. The difference in scores between T1 and T2 was tested non-parametrically with paired testing. All analyses were done using SPSS 25.0 statistics software (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Kievit A.J., Kuijer P.P., de Haan L.J., Koenraadt K.L., Kerkhoffs G.M., Schafroth M.U, & van Geenen R.C. (2019). Patients return to work sooner after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty than after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 28(9), 2905-2916.

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Litter Effect Minimization in Rat Studies

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The study experimental units were male rats, adjusted to their dams. As more than one pup
from the same litter comprised each of the experimental groups, both the pups and dams
were considered for the statistical analyses, in order to minimize the “litter effect”.
Variables were analyzed using a mixed-effects generalized linear model followed by a
post-hoc Sidak correction⁴⁴ and presented as mean ± standard deviation or as the median (p25–p75),
depending on their distribution pattern. Analyses were performed using Statistical Package
for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 Statistics software (SPSS Incorporation, IBM, Armonk, NY,
USA). Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Variations in the number of
samples among parameters occurred either due to testicular atrophy and cell loss impairing
the acquisition of data or because some data were excluded based on being statistically
determined to be outliers.

Lima T.R., Souza N.P., Cardoso A.P., Gomide L.M., Nascimento e Pontes M.G., Miot H.A., Arnold L.L., Cohen S.M, & de Camargo J.L. (2021). Testicular alterations in cryptorchid/orchiopexic rats chronically exposed to acrylamide or di-butyl-phthalate. Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, 35(2), 159-170.

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Exploratory Factor Analysis Validation

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Data were analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis with a Varimax rotation. The exploratory factor analysis results provided useful information regarding the number of factors based on eliminating and/or combining items and dimensions for representing a more valid factor structure [34 (link)]. Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (BTS), which provides information about whether the correlations in the data are strong enough to use a dimension-reduction technique such as factor analysis, and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy values were evaluated [35 (link)]. Firstly, the current study used the Kaiser criteria to identify a factor that has an eigenvalue greater than or equal to 1 [36 ]. Secondly, factor loadings had to be at least equal to or greater than 0.40 to be retained. Finally, the identified factors and items should have been theoretically interpretable. All statistical tests were performed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 statistics software (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Significance was set at p < 0.05.

León-Quismondo J., Bonal J., Burillo P, & Fernández-Luna Á. (2023). How Can We Improve Running Events? The IPA4RE Questionnaire and Its Potential Impact on the Experience of Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1703.

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Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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The experimental results were shown as mean ± standard deviation. All data analysis was performed by Design Expert 11 software, SPSS 25.0 statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and Excel 2010. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the statistical significance among multiple groups, and the difference was regarded as significant at p < 0.05.

Luo M., Zhou D.D., Shang A., Gan R.Y, & Li H.B. (2021). Influences of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Antioxidant Activity of the Extract from Akebia trifoliata Peels. Foods, 10(6), 1432.

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Neurophysiological Effects of Transcranial Stimulation

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We studied the effect of stimulation condition on the BSI performance and on the neurophysiological measurements. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the Gaussianity of the data. To assess the effect of stimulation on MI decoding accuracy, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with stimulation condition as factor (4 levels: ts-MS at 20% of the MSO, ts-MS at 30% of the MSO, ts-MS at 40% of the MSO, and sham stimulation) and decoding accuracy as dependent variable. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted using paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction. To evaluate the influence of the median filter on the BSI performance, we ran paired t-tests with filtering as factor (with and without median filter) and decoding accuracy as dependent variable for each stimulation condition. To study the influence of stimulation intensity on the peak-to-peak amplitude of ts-MEPs and ts-SEPs we used Friedman’s test (3 levels: ts-MS at 20% of the MSO, ts-MS at 30% of the MSO, ts-MS at 40% of the MSO). Paired post-hoc comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyze significant amplitude differences between intensity pairs. All the statistical tests were conducted in IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Insausti-Delgado A., López-Larraz E., Nishimura Y., Ziemann U, & Ramos-Murguialday A. (2022). Non-invasive brain-spine interface: Continuous control of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation using EEG. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 975037.

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Diagnostic Performance of CTCs in Lung Cancer

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The association between CTCs and lung cancer was tested by the Fisher’s exact test. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were assessed with SPSS 25.0 statistics software (IBM Corp.). The diagnosis performance was expressed by sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity was defined as the probability of a positive test given that the patient had lung cancer. Specificity was defined as the probability of a negative test given that the patient had no lung cancer.

Zhong M., Zhang Y., Pan Z., Wang W., Zhang Y., Weng Y., Huang H., He Y, & Liu O. (2021). Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Early Detection of Lung Cancer in Patients with a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 20, 15330338211041465.

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Replicable Data Analysis Workflow

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The experiments were replicated three times. Origin 2018 software was used to draw and differentiate the data, and IBM SPSS 25.0 statistics software (Armonk, NY, USA) was used to conduct variance analysis for each result.

Sun H., Hao D., Tian Y., Huang Y., Wang Y., Qin G., Pei J, & Abd El-Aty A.M. (2022). Effect of Chitosan/Thyme Oil Coating and UV-C on the Softening and Ripening of Postharvest Blueberry Fruits. Foods, 11(18), 2795.

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