Lck 304

Manufactured by HACH

Sourced in Germany, United States

The LCK 304 is a spectrophotometric cuvette test for the determination of ammonia in water, wastewater, and seawater. It provides a simple and reliable method for the analysis of ammonia concentrations.

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7 protocols using lck 304

Analytical Methods for Wastewater Characterization

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), using the commercial kit LCK 304 (Hach Lange®, Germany). At the end of each cycle total nitrogen (TN) determination was performed, using the commercial kits LCK 338 (Hach Lange®, Germany). Biomass concentration was measured as total suspended nitrogen (TSN), using the commercial kit LCK 304 (Hach Lange®, Germany).
Chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite and nitrate concentrations were determined using the commercial kit LCK 914, LCK 342 and LCK 339, respectively (Hach Lange®, Germany) .
The pH was manually controlled and measured by using a benchtop metre inoLabVR pH 7110 (WTW, Weilheim, Germany). The adjustment was performed by adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a syringe to the bioreactor until reaching the optimal pH.

Silva R.M., Fernandes A.M., Fiume F., Castro A.R., Machado R, & Pereira M.A. (2021). Sequencing batch airlift reactors (SBAR): a suitable technology for treatment and valorization of mineral oil wastewaters towards lipids production. Journal of hazardous materials, 409.

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Wastewater Characterization Methods

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Total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) were measured according to the established methods [27 ]. The total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), and total phosphorus (Tot-P) were measured using LCK014, LCK304, and LCK349 quick test kits (Hach Lange GMBH, Düsseldorf, Germany), respectively. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) were measured with a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-V CPN, Kyoto, Japan). Organic acid anion concentrations were measured by an ion chromatography (IC) system (790 Personal Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland). The cations were measured by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, VistaPRO CCD, Fa. Varian, Mulgrave, Australia). Electrical conductivity and pH were measured by a portable multimeter (WTW Multi 350i, Xylem, Weilheim, Germany).

Samanta P., Schönettin H.M., Horn H, & Saravia F. (2022). MF–NF Treatment Train for Pig Manure: Nutrient Recovery and Reuse of Product Water. Membranes, 12(2), 165.

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Metabolite and Nitrogen Quantification

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Metabolite concentrations in culture supernatants were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Agilent 1260 HPLC (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) fitted with a Bio-Rad HPX 87 H column (Bio-Rad). The flow rate was set at 0.6 mL/min, 0.5 g/L H₂SO₄ was used as eluent and the column temperature was set at 65°C. An Agilent refractive-index detector and an Agilent 1260 VWD detector were used for metabolite quantification (Verhoeven et al. 2017 ). Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium concentrations in culture supernatants were measured with a Hach DR3900 spectrophotometer and Hach kits LCK 339, LCK 341 and LCK 304 (Hach Lange, Düsseldorf, Germany), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Perli T., Borodina I, & Daran J.M. (2021). Engineering of molybdenum-cofactor-dependent nitrate assimilation in Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Research, 21(6), foab050.

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Rock Leachate Characterization

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Rock leachates were produced by adding 20 ml of sterile anoxic water to 10 g powdered core subsamples, incubating with a gentle stirring for 1 h at room temperature followed by centrifugation for 1 min at 10,000 rpm. The concentrations of inorganic anions and small molecular weight organic acids in the rock leachates were analysed by ion chromatography (Parro et al., 2011 (link)). The pH of the water solutions was measured with an inoLab pH metre WTW (GmbH, Germany) after 24 h of solution stabilization. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were determined using the Reflectoquant test (Merk Millipore, Spain), and NH₄⁺ using a DR6000 spectrophotometer and the reaction kit LCK304 (HACH, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Total protein and sugar content were determined as follows: 1 g of sample (powder) was subjected to 3 × 1 min ultrasonic cycles in 2 ml of distilled water with 1–2 min stops by using a sonicator (Dr. Hielscher 50W DRH‐UP50H sonicator, Hielscher Ultrasonics, Germany). Samples were centrifuged at 2000g to sediment the mineral particles, and the supernatants were directly assayed for protein concentration using the bicinchonitic acid protein assay reagent (Pierce, USA) (Smith et al., 1985 (link)) and sugar content as described by Dubois et al. (1956 ), respectively. A NanoDropp (NanoDrop Int., USA) instrument was used for spectrophotometric measurements.

Amils R., Escudero C., Oggerin M., Puente Sánchez F., Arce Rodríguez A., Fernández Remolar D., Rodríguez N., García Villadangos M., Sanz J.L., Briones C., Sánchez‐Román M., Gómez F., Leandro T., Moreno‐Paz M., Prieto‐Ballesteros O., Molina A., Tornos F., Sánchez‐Andrea I., Timmis K., Pieper D.H, & Parro V. (2022). Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Environmental Microbiology, 25(2), 428-453.

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Wastewater Monitoring via Analytical Methods

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DOC was monitored using a TOC/DOC analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L, Kyoto, Japan). Ammonium was measured with gas-diffusion flow injection (Foss, Hillerød, Demark) or Hach Lange kits (LCK 304, Hach, Loveland, Colorado, USA). Nitrite, nitrate and chloride were measured by ion chromatography (Metrohm 881, Herisau, Switzerland). Free and combined chlorine were measured using Hach Lange kits based on the DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine) method (LCK 310, Hach).

Ziemba C., Larivé O., Deck S., Huisman T, & Morgenroth E. (2018). Comparing the anti-bacterial performance of chlorination and electrolysis post-treatments in a hand washing water recycling system. Water Research X, 2, 100020.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Hydrochar and Digestate

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The pH of the resulting slurry from HTC was measured with a pH meter (HQ40d, Hach, Loveland, US). Ash contents of HC and faeces samples were obtained according to DIN EN 14775 (heated at 550 °C for 120 min), using a muffle furnace (L 40 / 11 BO, Nabertherm, GmbH, Lilienthal, Germany). The resulting HC ash was used for subsequent experiments for nutrient recovery. Volatile solid (VS) of PW samples were measured according to 2540-E (liquid sample evaporated and dried at 105 °C overnight, then heated at 550 °C for 120 min). CHN compositions of solid samples were measured by a CHN analyser (TruSpec CHN, Leco, St. Joseph, US). Elemental analysis for PW, HC and HC ash was performed by the ICP-OES technique (Agilent 715, Agilent, Santa Clara, US) as previously reported (
Ovsyannikova
et al., 2020). The partitioning of nutrient contents of the feedstock in resulting materials was calculated based on the mass (HC, PW and HC ash) obtained and the results from ICP-OES analyses. NH
₄-N concentration of PW was measured by the Hach-Lange cuvette test (LCK 304, Hach, Loveland, US).

Chung J.W., Gerner G., Ovsyannikova E., Treichler A., Baier U., Libra J, & Krebs R. (2022). Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor. Open Research Europe, 1, 139.

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Wastewater Nutrient Removal Performance

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The nutrient removal performance of the reactors was measured on a bi-weekly basis on the influent wastewater (I), the water collected from the reactor at the end of the anaerobic phase (AN) and at the end of the aerobic phase (S). Water samples were filtered at 0.45 μm and stored at 4°C before further analysis. Ammonium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry, using two different kits; the ammonia cuvette test (0.015–2.0 mg l⁻¹

{N-NH}_{4}^{+}

, LCK304, Hach, USA) for the samples with an ammonia concentration estimated below 3 mg l⁻¹ of

{N-NH}_{4}^{+}

, and the Spectroquant ammonium test (photometric 0.010–3.00 mg l⁻¹

{N-NH}_{4}^{+}

, Merck, Germany) for the other samples¹. The concentrations of anions (

{P-PO}_{4}^{-}

{N-NO}_{3}^{-}

, and

{N-NO}_{2}^{-}

) were measured by ionic chromatography (IC, ICS-90, IonPacAS14A column) with an electrical conductivity detector (Dionex, Switzerland).

Adler A, & Holliger C. (2020). Multistability and Reversibility of Aerobic Granular Sludge Microbial Communities Upon Changes From Simple to Complex Synthetic Wastewater and Back. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 574361.

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