Quantax 100

In order to localize the Cu-bound to the shoot and root tissues, plants with 21 days of growth were observed by Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VP-SEM), with transmission module STEM SU-3500 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The presence of Cu was verified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer Detector (EDX), QUANTAX 100 (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) with BSE detector in transversal sections of shoot and root (rhizome). The analyses were carried out in the Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

A field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Supra 35 VP FEG from Zeiss, Jena Germany) with an X-ray microanalysis system (XEDS) (Quantax 100 from Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) was employed to analyze the fracture of the specimens. All specimens were coated with 5 nm of gold, and the images were taken at 5 KV to minimize charging with a working distance of 4 mm. Further characterization used mapping XEDS, and these spectra were collected using an accelerating voltage of 20 keV over a span of 300 live seconds at a 10k× magnification and 10 mm of working distance. The most prominent elements were fluorine (F), and zinc (Zn) which were used to identify the agglomeration of the ZnO nanoparticles.

In order to localize the Cu-bound to the shoot and root tissues, plants with 21 days of growth were observed by Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VP-SEM), with transmission module STEM SU-3500 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The presence of Cu was verified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer Detector (EDX), QUANTAX 100 (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) with BSE detector in transversal sections of shoot and root (rhizome). The analyses were carried out in the Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile). Additionally, root and shoot tissues were dried, grounded, converted into ashes, and digested in a mix of dH₂O:concentrated HCl:concentrated HNO₃, 8:1:1 v:v:v, and the Cu was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS; Unicam SOLAAR, mod. 969, Cambridge, UK).