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4 protocols using streptavidin allophycocyanin

1

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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The following mAbs were used for staining and flow cytometric measurements: CD3-VioGreen (BW264/56), CD4-allophycocyanin-Vio770 (VIT4), CD8-PE-Vio770 (BW135/80), CD14-peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) (TÜK4), CD20-PerCP (LT20), CD27-FITC (M-T271), CD28-FITC (15E8), CD45RA-VioBlue (T6D11), CD45RO-FITC (UCHL1), CD62L-FITC (145/15), CD107a-PE (1D4B), CD127-FITC (MB15-18C9), CD137-allophycocyanin, CD137-PE (4B4-1), CD154-VioBlue (5C8), CD178-PE (NOK-1), CD197 (CCR7)-allophycocyanin, CD197 (CCR7)-PE (150503), CD279-allophycocyanin (PD1.3.1.3), anti-IL-2-PE-Vio770 (N7.48A), anti-IL-4-PE (7A3-3), anti-IL-17-FITC (CZ8-23G1), anti-IFN-γ-FITC, anti-IFN-γ-PE-Vio770 (45-15), anti-TNF-α-PE, and anti-TNF-α-VioBlue (cA2) (all Miltenyi Biotec).
Soluble biotinylated pHLA-A*0201 molecules loaded with WT137 (VLDFAPPGA), WT1126 (RMFPNAPYL), WT1187 (SLGEQQYSV), WT1235 (CMTWNQMNL), or cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65495 (NLVPMVATV) were produced as described previously.14 (link) Tetramerization was achieved by binding to streptavidin-PE or streptavidin-allophycocyanin (both BioLegend, San Diego, CA). In each case, 2·5 × 106 cells were stained with 1 µg/ml tetramer for 45 min at 4°C.
Data were acquired using a MACSQuant flow cytometer and analysed with MACSQuantify software (both Miltenyi Biotec).
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2

Multi-parameter Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Spleen cells were first incubated with anti-murine FcgRII/III mAb (2.4G2) for 10 min and then stained with saturating concentrations of Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated, allophycocyanin-conjugated, biotin-conjugated, PEconjugated, FITC-conjugated, PE/Cy5-conjugated, or PE/Cy7-conjugated mAbs against IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ (BD Biosciences), CD4, glucocorticoidinduced TNFR (BioLegend, San Diego, CA), Foxp3, CTLA4, RORδ, GMCSF, and program death-1 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA). Biotinylated primary mAbs were detected using either streptavidin-allophycocyanin (BioLegend), streptavidin-FITC, streptavidin-PE, or streptavidin-PE/Cy5 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Primary rabbit anti-mouse RGC-32 Ab (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was detected using secondary FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit Ab (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX). For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were stimulated with 50 ng/ml PMA (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 µg/ml ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 4 h, and GolgiPlug was added for the last 2 h (BD Biosciences); cells were then stained for CD4 and intracellular cytokines as previously described (22 (link)). Multicolor flow cytometric analyses were performed using an Accuri C6 and LSR II flow cytometer (BDBiosciences).
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3

Immune Cell Profiling of Pancreatic Islets

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Mouse islet cells were stained with anti-CD45 and biotinylated anti-H2Kd (BD Pharmingen) followed by streptavidin-allophycocyanin (BioLegend). β‐cells were identified by autofluorescence (23 (link)). Dead cells were excluded using propidium iodide. The immune cells infiltrating islets and spleens were stained with anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8a, anti-CD44, anti-CD62L, anti-KLRG-1, anti-CD11b, anti-Ly6G (all BioLegend), anti-BrdU, anti-pSTAT3, and anti-pSTAT5 (all BD Bioscience). Data were collected on the FACS Fortessa cell analyzer (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA) and were analyzed using FlowJo Software version 10 (TreeStar, Inc, Ashland, OR, USA).
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4

Multimerized Antigen Probes for B Cell Detection

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Antigen-specific B cells were detected using biotinylated proteins in combination with different streptavidin-fluorophore conjugates42 (link). Biotinylated proteins were multimerized with fluorescently labeled streptavidin for 1 h at 4 °C. Full-length spike protein (R&D Systems) was mixed with streptavidin-Brilliant Violet 421 (BioLegend) at a 10:1 mass ratio (for example, 200 ng spike with 20 ng streptavidin; approximately 4:1 molar ratio). Spike RBD (R&D Systems) was mixed with streptavidin allophycocyanin (BioLegend) at a 2:1 mass ratio (for example, 25 ng RBD with 12.5 ng streptavidin; approximately 4:1 molar ratio). Biotinylated influenza hemagglutinin pools (A/Brisbane/02/2018/H1N1, B/Colorado/06/2017; Immune Technology) were mixed with streptavidin-phycoerythrin (BioLegend) at a 6.25:1 mass ratio (for example, 100 ng hemagglutinin pool with 16 ng streptavidin; approximately 6:1 molar ratio). Streptavidin-Brilliant Violet 711 (BD Biosciences) was used as a decoy probe without biotinylated protein to gate out cells that nonspecifically bind streptavidin. Antigen probes for spike, RBD and hemagglutinin were prepared individually and mixed together after multimerization with 5 µM of free D-biotin (Avidity LLC) to minimize potential cross-reactivity between probes.
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