Muller hinton agar

Manufactured by Biolife

Sourced in Italy

Muller-Hinton agar is a culture medium used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It is a standardized medium that supports the growth of a wide range of microorganisms and is used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria by the disk diffusion method.

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Lab products found in correlation

Antibiotic disks, by Mast Group (2 mentions) E test, by Liofilchem (2 mentions) Etest, by bioMérieux (1 mentions) Cystine lactose electrolyte deficient, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Blood agar base, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Blood agar, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Macconkey agar no 3, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Macconkey agar, by Biolife (1 mentions) Mannitol salt agar, by Biolife (1 mentions)

5 protocols using muller hinton agar

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of S. aureus

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The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, rifampin, vancomycin and linezolid were determined by the broth microdilution method following the European committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing (EUCAST) (Version 4.0, 2014) guidelines and interpretative criteria [22 ,23 ]. Daptomycin-MICs were determined by E-test (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) on Muller-Hinton agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy) supplemented with 50 mg/L calcium. S. aureus ATCC-29213 was included for quality control of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Cefoxitin disk diffusion test was used to confirm oxacillin resistance (EUCAST, version 4.0, 2014) [23 ].
Inducible clindamycin resistance was evaluated using the D-zone test as recommended by EUCAST (Version 4.0, 2014) [23 ].

Barbieri R., Pesce M., Franchelli S., Baldelli I., De Maria A, & Marchese A. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococci causing breast peri-implant infections in oncologic patients. BMC Microbiology, 15(1), 26.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion method according to the the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (16 ). In doing so, the following antibiotic disks (MastGroup Ltd., Merseyside, United Kingdom) were used: ampicillin (25 μg), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (20/10 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), amikacin (30 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), and tobramycin (30 μg). Likewise, MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were determined using E-test (Liofilchem, Italy) on Muller-Hinton agar (Biolife, Italy). E. coli strains ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218 were used as controls.

Latifi B., Tajbakhsh S., Ahadi L, & Yousefi F. (2021). Coexistence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in CTX-M-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bushehr province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 13(2), 161-170.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Bacteria

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (17 ). The following antibiotic disks (MastGroup Ltd., Merseyside, United Kingdom) were applied: amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (20/10 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), amikacin (30 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), tobramycin (30 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25 μg), fosmomycin (200 μg), imipenem (10 μg), ertapenem (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and tigecycline (15 μg). In addition, MICs of cefoxitin were determined using E-tests (Liofilchem, Italy) on Muller-Hinton agar (Biolife, Italy). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as the control strain for the antibiotic susceptibility tests.

Faghihi K., Tajbakhsh S., Fouladvand M., Latifi B, & Yousefi F. (2023). Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Bushehr province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 15(3), 373-382.

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Antibacterial Potency of Bacteriocins

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The antibacterial effects of bacteriocins from the isolated strains was investigated on indicator strains bacteria (Gram positive: Listeriamonocytogenes ATCC 7644, Staphylococcusaureus PTCC 1431 and Bacilluscereus PTCC 1015 and Gram negative: Escherichiacoli PTCC 1270, Salmonellaenteritidis PTCC 1709 and Pseudomonasaeruginosa CZO), using agar disk diffusion assay. Muller-Hinton agar (Biolife, Italy) was seeded by 10⁶ CFU/ml of each indicator strain and 25, 50 and 75μl of bacteriocins that were dissolved in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer placed on 6.4 mm diameter blank paper discs (Padtan Teb Co., Iran) in agar plates seeded with the indicator strains. Plates were left for 1 h at room temperature prior to incubation at the optimum temperature for each indicator strains. Appearance of clear zones of inhibitions was investigated after 24 h. The best bacteriocin producers were selected based on their antibacterial effect against indicator strains (Olasupo et al., 1999 (link); Settanni et al., 2005 (link)).

M K, & Sh S.N. (2018). Isolation and Molecular Identification of Bacteriocin-producing Enterococci with Broad Antibacterial Activity from Traditional Dairy Products in Kerman Province of Iran. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 38(1), 172-179.

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Isolation and Identification of Causative Organism

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The following culture media were used for isolation, identification and viable count of the causative organism.
• Blood Agar (Oxoid).
• Blood Agar Base (Oxoid) (pH 7.2).
• Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient(Oxoid) • DNASE Agar Mast (Oxoid) pH 7.3.
• Mac Conkey Agar No. 3 (Oxoid) pH7.1.
• MacConkey Agar (Pronadisa).
• Mannitol Salt Agar (LAMB).
• Muller Hinton Agar (Biolife).
• Muller Hinton Broth (LABM) pH 7.4 ± 0.2.
• Nutrient Agar (Pronadisa) pH 6.8.

Wadi M., & Geregandi T.M. (2020). Efficacy of Bee Honey on Wound Healing: Split Skin Graft with Hyper-granulation Tissue. Journal of Natural Remedies, 20(2), 71-78.

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