To evaluate serostatus for “common cold” coronaviruses (HCoV) and to further confirm SARS-CoV-2 serostatus, serum antibodies (IgG) against the viral nucleocapsid of HCoV strains 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1 and SARS-CoV-2 anti - S1 subunit, anti - receptor binding domain as well as anti - nucleocapsid were measured by using the recomLine SARS-CoV-2 IgG® assay (Mikrogen).
Antibody screening was performed IVD conform according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Since patient recruiting was performed in a low prevalence setting, (<5%), we used an orthogonal testing algorithm. Therefore, samples were considered as SARS-CoV-2 positive if all three tests were positive, negative in three tests was considered as SARS-CoV-2 negative. Participants with discordant results were excluded from later analysis. Unexposed controls were required to report no known SARS-CoV-2 exposure and to be negative in the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test and in the three antibody tests.