Mpvs pl3508 powerlab 8 35

LV and RV function were assessed by pressure catheter in vivo^{57 (link)}. Mice were anesthetized using isoflurane. The right carotid vein was exposed, and a 1.4-Fr pressure catheter (SPR-839; Millar Instruments, Houston, TX) was inserted into the RV while recording in digital form (MPVS PL3508 PowerLab 8/35, ADInstruments) at the acquisition rate of 2 kHz for analysis (LabChart 8 pro, ADInstruments). Next, the left carotid artery was exposed, and a 1.4-Fr pressure catheter was inserted into the LV while recording LV pressure. All values were averaged over five consecutive cardiac cycles during stable phase of the respiratory cycle.

Mice were anesthetized by isoflurane. A 1.4F pressure-conductance catheter (SPR-839; Millar instruments) was inserted into the right carotid artery and advanced into the ascending aorta. After recording aortic blood pressure, the catheter was advanced through the aortic valve into the LV where PV signals were continuously obtained (MRVS ultra, Millar instruments) and recorded in digital form (MPVS PL3508 PowerLab 8/35, ADInstruments) at the acquisition rate of 2kHz for later offline analysis (LabChart 8 pro, ADInstruments). Animals were allowed to stabilize for 5 min, then baseline load-independent parameters of systolic and diastolic function, including LV end-systolic pressure (ESP), LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP), cardiac output (CO) were measured and averaged from 10 consecutive beats. After baseline measurements, transient occlusion of the inferior vena cava was performed and used to calculate multibeat-derived, load-dependent measures of cardiac systolic and diastolic functions: linear end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), calculated as ESP = end-systolic elastance (Ees) × ESV + V₀, was used for the evaluation of cardiac contractility, whereas exponential end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR), calculated as EDP = α × exp^β×EDV, was implemented in assessing end-diastolic stiffness.