All reagents required for the synthesis of HAp-based composite coatings were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Merck Group, Darmstadt, Germany), namely CaCl2, Na2HPO4*2H2O, NaOH (10%), chitosan 2% (CS) medium molecular weight, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2).
For the biological investigations, the cell line MC3T3-E1 (ATCC® CRL-2593™) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), the fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate saline buffer (PBS) from Life Technologies (Foster City, CA, USA), Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit from Biovision (Milpitas, CA, USA) and the StemPro Osteogenic Differentiation Kit from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All the antibodies employed for fluorescence microscopy staining were purchased from Santa-Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany), while the rest of the reagents and kits were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
For the biological investigations, the cell line MC3T3-E1 (ATCC® CRL-2593™) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), the fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate saline buffer (PBS) from Life Technologies (Foster City, CA, USA), Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit from Biovision (Milpitas, CA, USA) and the StemPro Osteogenic Differentiation Kit from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All the antibodies employed for fluorescence microscopy staining were purchased from Santa-Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany), while the rest of the reagents and kits were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.