Lake shore 7404

The magnetic property of the samples was evaluated using Lake Shore 7404 vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc., Westerville, OH, USA). The thermal analyses of the materials were performed using Mettler Toledo thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) instruments with a heating rate of 10°C per minute at temperature 20°C–1,000°C under nitrogen atmosphere (N₂ flow rate 50 mL per minute). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were used to determine the crystal structures of the samples over a range of 5°–70°, using an XRD-6000 diffractometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with CuKα radiation (λ =1.5406 Å) at 30 kV and 30 mA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the materials were recorded over a range of 400–4,000 cm⁻¹, using a Nexus, Smart Orbit spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and KBr disk method. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1650 series; Shimadzu) was used to determine the optical and controlled-release properties of PTA from PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite. The mean particle size and size distribution were determined using a transmission electron microscope (Hitachi H-7100; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 80 and 200 kV.

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to determine the crystal structures of the samples over a range of 20°–70°, using an XRD-6000 diffractometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with CuKα radiation (λ 1.5406 Å) at 30 kV and 30 mA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the materials were recorded over a range of 400–4,000 cm⁻¹, using a Nexus, Smart Orbit spectrometer (Thermo Fisher-Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and the KBr disk method. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) were performed using a Mettler-Toledo 851e instrument (Mettler-Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA), with a heating rate of 10°C/minute in 150 μL alumina crucibles over a range of 30°C–900°C. A CHNS-932 (Leco, St Joseph, MI, USA) instrument was used to analyze carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. A NOVA™ NanoSEM 230 (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphologies of the samples. The magnetic properties were evaluated using a Lake Shore 7404 vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc., Westerville, OH, USA). Ultraviolet-visible spectra were generated both to determine the optical properties and for controlled release studies, using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer).