The following AHL standards, purchased from University of Nottingham, UK were: N-3-oxo-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC6-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC8-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC10-HSL). In addition, N-butyryl-DL-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL), N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL), N-decanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), N-3-oxo-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC10-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (3OHC12-HSL), acetonitrile, and formic acid for HPLC were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
N 3 oxo hexanoyl l homoserine lactone
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as a quorum sensing molecule, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression in certain bacteria.
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Lab products found in correlation
N hexanoyl l homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N 3 oxo dodecanoyl l homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N octanoyl l homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N 3 oxo octanoyl l homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N decanoyl dl homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N dodecanoyl dl homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N butyryl dl homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N 3 oxo decanoyl l homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N 3 hydroxy dodecanoyl dl homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid for hplc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C6 hsl, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
3 oxo c10 hsl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C10 hsl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N decanoyl homoserine lactone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C4 hsl, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
3 oxo c6 hsl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 oxo c12 hsl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using n 3 oxo hexanoyl l homoserine lactone
1
AHL Compound Standards for Quorum Sensing
2
Analytical Standards for AHL Quorum Sensing
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The following AHL standards were purchased from University of Nottingham, UK: N-3-oxo-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C6-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C8-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C10-HSL). Standards purchased from Sigma-Aldrich were: N-butyryl-DL-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L- homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL), N-decanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), N-3-oxo-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), and N-3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C12-HSL). HPLC grade acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Merck.
3
Degradation of Quorum Sensing Signals by Bacillus spp.
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The AHLs degradation activity of cell-free lysates of Bacillus spp. isolates 30b, 32C, and 6 was assessed against different AHL signals using the well diffusion assay. AHL signals tested were; 100 µM C4-HSL (Cayman), 50 µM C6-HSL, 50 µM N- decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), 25 µM N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), 25 µM N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL), 25 µM 3-oxo-C12-HSL (Sigma-Aldrich). The relative degradation activity was calculated for each AHL signal by calculating the residual AHL from a calibration curve constructed using different concentrations of standard AHL and their induced zone diameter using two AHLs reporter strains; Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) CV026 and A. tumafaciens KYC55, which respond to short chain and medium-to-long chain AHLs, respectively.39 (link)–42 The maximum degrading activity is defined as 100% relative degradation activity.43 (link)
4
Bacterial Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules
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N-Hexanoyl-L -homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-L -homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-decanoyl-L -homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-L -homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL), and HSL standards were purchased from Sigma. N-(3-oxo-decanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL), N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), and N-(3-oxo-tetradecanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C14-HSL) were obtained from the Nottingham University in England.
5
Bacterial Quorum Sensing Assays
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The bacterial strains used in this study are shown in Supplementary Table S1 . Media supplements to AB minimal media (Clark and Maaløe, 1967 (link)) used for culturing were as follow; 0.2% tryptone, 0.4% yeast extract for Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, 0.2% tryptone, 0.1% lactate for E. coli MT102, and 0.2% tryptone, 0.1% yeast extract for P. aeruginosa MH602. Strains were grown at either 30°C (strain CV026) or 37°C (strains MT102 and MH602) with shaking at 150 rpm. N-acyl-L -homoserine lactones including N-hexanoyl-L -homoserine lactone (HHL), N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (OHHL), N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L -homoserine lactone (OdDHL; Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in MeOH and stored as 20 mM stocks at -20°C. Growth experiments commenced at an OD600 of 0.01 with reading taken at 30-min intervals using a multiwell plate reader (Ensight Plate Reader, PerkinElmer).
6
Chitosan-Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization
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We used a high-purity grade, commercial sample of the hydrochloride salt form of CS (ProtasanUP CL113; Novamatrix, FMC-Biopolymer, Norway; Mw ~92 kDa; Ip ~2.5, as determined by GPC-MALLS-DRI; DA ~14%, as determined by 1 H NMR). GNP was purchased from Challenge Bioproducts (Taiwan). Analytical grade TPP, N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC6HSL, named AHL thereafter), and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Milli-Q water was used throughout this work.
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