Pmod software package

Manufactured by PMOD Technologies

Sourced in Switzerland

The PMOD software package is a comprehensive suite of tools for the analysis and visualization of medical imaging data, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The software provides a range of functionalities, such as image processing, kinetic modeling, and data quantification, to support research and clinical applications in various fields, including neurology, oncology, and cardiology.

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Lab products found in correlation

Albira pet spect ct preclinical imaging system, by Bruker (1 mentions) Nanoscan pet ct, by Mediso (1 mentions) Mm oncology module, by Siemens (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

PMOD software (161 citations) PMOD 3.5 software package (2 citations)

12 protocols using pmod software package

In Vivo PET/CT Imaging of HCT116 Tumors

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PET/CT images were acquired using an Albira PET/SPECT/CT imaging system (Bruker). One HCT116 tumour-bearing NCr mouse was administered [¹⁸F]TFT (∼5 MBq) by intravenous tail vein injection. Approximately 5 minutes prior to imaging, the mouse was anesthetised using an isoflurane/O₂ mixture (1.5–2.0% v/v) and placed prone in the centre of the scanner. Whole body dynamic PET data were acquired for a total duration of 90 minutes with a total of 60 frames (30 × 10 seconds (s), 20 × 30 s, 5 × 5 min and 5 × 10 min), followed by CT acquisition. The PET images were reconstructed using an MLEM algorithm (12 iterations) with a voxel size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm³. Whole body standard high resolution CT scans were performed with the X-ray tube set at a voltage of 45 kV, a current of 400 μA, 250 projections (1 s per projection), and a voxel size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm³. The CT images were reconstructed using a FBP algorithm. Image analysis was performed using the PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies Ltd, CH) and quantification was achieved by drawing a volume of interest (VOI) over the tumour using a 50% threshold. The mean counts were recorded and subsequently converted into kBq cc^–1.

King A., Doepner A., Turton D., Ciobota D.M., Da Pieve C., Wong Te Fong A.C., Kramer-Marek G., Chung Y.L, & Smith G. (2018). Radiosynthesis of the anticancer nucleoside analogue Trifluridine using an automated 18F-trifluoromethylation procedure †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: 1H NMR and 13C NMR data for characterised compounds, automation setup, HPLC traces from radiosynthesis, Log D7.4 and radiotracer stability procedures, raw data and HPLC traces from all in vitro and in vivo studies. See DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00432c. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 16(16), 2986-2996.

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In Vivo PET/CT Imaging Protocol

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The mice were anesthetized using isoflurane (1.5%–2% v/v in O₂) before imaging. Using an Albira PET/SPECT/CT preclinical imaging system (Bruker), whole-body 15-min (⁸⁹Zr) or 10-min (¹⁸F) static images were acquired with an energy window of 358–664 keV, followed by CT acquisition. PET data were reconstructed using a maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization algorithm (12 iterations), and scatter and attenuation corrections were applied using their respective CT scans. High-resolution CT scans were performed with the x-ray tube set up at a voltage of 45 kV, a current of 400 μA, 250 projections (1 s per projection), and a voxel size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm. The CT images were reconstructed using a filtered-backprojection algorithm. The PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies Ltd.) was used to analyze the images. The tumor volume was selected by first drawing volumes of interest around the tumor and selecting a 50% maximum pixel isocontour. The mean counts were extracted and converted into %ID/g using a calibration factor (MBq/g/counts) calculated by scanning a source (⁸⁹Zr or ¹⁸F) of known activity and volume.

Burley T.A., Da Pieve C., Martins C.D., Ciobota D.M., Allott L., Oyen W.J., Harrington K.J., Smith G, & Kramer-Marek G. (2019). Affibody-Based PET Imaging to Guide EGFR-Targeted Cancer Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Models. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 60(3), 353-361.

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Analyzing PET Data with PMOD Software

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PET data were analyzed by means of the PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland). Each PET image was superimposed on the corresponding MRI data to identify the volume of interest. Time-activity curves (TACs) of PET/MRI images were expressed as % remaining dose.

Fukuyama Y., Yuki Y., Katakai Y., Harada N., Takahashi H., Takeda S., Mejima M., Joo S., Kurokawa S., Sawada S., Shibata H., Park E.J., Fujihashi K., Briles D.E., Yasutomi Y., Tsukada H., Akiyoshi K, & Kiyono H. (2015). Nanogel-based pneumococcal surface protein A nasal vaccine induces microRNA-associated Th17 cell responses with neutralizing antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae in macaques. Mucosal Immunology, 8(5), 1144-1153.

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PET-MRI Analysis of Amyloid Deposition

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A region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed on MRI-based correction of PET data using the PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies Ltd., Adliswil, Switzerland). The ROIs were manually drawn on the coregistered MR image, including the bilateral cortical regions: medial temporal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, sensory motor cortex, precuneus cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex. The same ROIs were applied to both baseline and follow-up images. The retention of [11C]-PIB was determined by the distribution volume ratio (DVR) with Logan graphical analysis for 35 to 60 minutes with cerebellar gray matter as the reference.^{[9 (link)]} The regional PIB DVR in each cortical region and the global PIB DVR for the mean of the regional PIB DVR over 18 cortical regions were defined. PIB PET DVR images were created for visual inspection with a rainbow color scale.

Hatashita S, & Wakebe D. (2021). Longitudinal assessment of amyloid-beta deposition in initially amyloid-negative non-demented individuals with [11C]-PIB PET imaging. Medicine, 100(35), e27055.

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Quantifying Amyloid Deposition with 11C-PiB PET

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Static images of the 11 C-PiB PET scans consisted of the sum of four 5-min frames from 50 to 70 min. For BP images, data analyses were done with the PMOD software package (version 3.308; PMOD Technologies Ltd.) using the full set of dynamic data (0-70 min after injection) as follows: parametric images of regional 11 C-PiB uptake (i.e., BP images) were generated using Logan graphical analysis, which referenced the cerebellar cortex (16) .
Spatial normalization was performed as follows. Each static and BP image was coregistered with the corresponding 18 F-FDG PET image using SPM8 (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience). First, spatial normalization of the 18 F-FDG PET images to the Montreal Neurologic Institute space was performed using the SPM8 program. Next, spatial normalization of the coregistered static and BP images to the Montreal Neurologic Institute space was performed using the individual parameters obtained from 18 F-FDG PET normalization.

Hosokawa C., Ishii K., Kimura Y., Hyodo T., Hosono M., Sakaguchi K., Usami K., Shimamoto K., Yamazoe Y, & Murakami T. (2015). Performance of 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET Binding Potential Images in the Detection of Amyloid Deposits on Equivocal Static Images. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 56(12).

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Quantitative Myocardial Blood Flow Analysis

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Quantitative analyses were performed using PMOD software package (version 3.4, PMOD Technologies Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland). Regions of interest were semi-automatically placed on the myocardium and the biventricular blood-pool in each slice. Myocardial and blood-pool time-activity curves, generated from the dynamic frames, were fitted with the tracer kinetic model. We adopted the DeGrado 1-compartment model which assumes that there is no metabolic trapping.17 (link) The first 4 min (27 frames) data were used for the curve fitting. The estimated rest and stress MBF were expressed in each segment and territory, while the MFR was calculated as the stress-to-rest MBF ratio. Normal ranges of values have been previously reported18 (link); the rest and stress MBF ranged from 0.8 ml/min/g to 1.2 ml/min/g and from 2.7 ml/min/g to 4.6 ml/min/g of tissue, respectively. Accordingly, the MFR ranged from 2.9 to 4.4. Generally, MFR ≥2.5 is considered normal, while MFR <2 indicates a reduction.
Quantitative data were averaged for each segment (N = 20 × 17 = 340 segments) and vascular territory (N = 20 × 3 = 60 territories) from data reconstructed with TOF-OSEM and 3D-RAMLA. We first validated intra-observer reproducibility running two quantitative analyses using PMOD software at intervals of 1 month or more. We then compared rest and stress MBF and MFR from TOF-OSEM and 3D-RAMLA.

Tomiyama T., Ishihara K., Suda M., Kanaya K., Sakurai M., Takahashi N., Takano H., Nitta K., Hakozaki K, & Kumita S.I. (2014). Impact of time-of-flight on qualitative and quantitative analyses of myocardial perfusion PET studies using 13N-ammonia. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 22(5), 998-1007.

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PET Imaging of Tumor Glucose Metabolism

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Early metabolic changes were assessed by PET scan with 2'-deoxy-2'-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG). PET sessions were realized in a PET-CT scanner (nanoScan PET-CT; Mediso, Hungary) using 10 MBq of ¹⁸F-FDG (Advanced Applied Applications, France) as already published 1 (link). Quickly, tumor-bearing mice were fasted overnight, anesthetized (2 ± 0.5% isoflurane in air), weighed and glycaemia was measured in blood drawn from the caudal artery. ¹⁸F-FDG accumulation was quantified as mean SUV between 45 and 60 min post-injection in 3D volumes-of-interest (VOI) delineated semi-automatically by iso-contours at 45% threshold of maximal value in the myocardium on PET/CT fusion slices using the PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies Ltd, Zürich, Switzerland).

Sourdon J., Facchin C., Certain A., Viel T., Robin B., Lager F., Marchiol C., Balvay D., Yoganathan T., Favier J., Tharaux P.L., Dhaun N., Renault G, & Tavitian B. (2021). Sunitinib-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the endothelin axis. Theranostics, 11(8), 3830-3838.

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Quantitative Myocardial Blood Flow Analysis

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Quantitative analyses of absolute MBF (mL/min/g) were performed using the PMOD software package (version 3.4, PMOD Technologies Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland).
Regions of interest were semi-automatically placed on the myocardium and the biventricular blood pool in each slice. Myocardial and blood-pool time-activity curves, Journal of Nippon Medical School J-STAGE Advance Publication (February 21, 2023) Estimation of CMD using ammonia PET 10 generated from the dynamic frames, were fitted with the tracer kinetic model. We adopted the DeGrado 1-compartment model, which assumes that there is no metabolic trapping. 11 Data for the first 4 min (24 frames) were used for curve fitting. The

Imai S., Kiriyama T., Kanaya K., Aoyama S., Takano H, & Kumita S.I. (2023). Estimation of Microvascular Dysfunction by Using ¹³N-Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography with Quantitative Myocardial Blood Flow Analysis in Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 90(2).

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PET Image Coregistration and VOI Analysis

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Processing of reconstructed images and data analysis were performed with PMOD software package (PMOD Technologies). All PET images were co-registered to an MRI brain template (Ma et al., 2008 (link)). The CT images were resliced and manually coregistered via rigid transformations (translations and rotations) to match the template using PMOD Fusion toolbox. A head-and-hat approach was taken for coregistration with using the skull and brain shape features visible in CT and MR template, respectively. The resulting rigid transformation matrix for each subject was subsequently applied to all the PET images to achieve coregistration to the MR template. 3D volumes of interest (VOIs) representing DStr, VStr, and cerebellum were drawn on the template. The VOIs on DStr and VStr consisted of spheres of 1 mm diameter placed symmetrically left and right with respect to midline (2 × 0.52 mm³), scaled down versions of VOIs used previously for the rat brain for these structures (Constantinescu et al., 2011 (link)). The cerebellum VOI consisted of one sphere of 2 mm diameter (3.85 mm³) placed centrally on the structure. The left and right values in VOIs for each structure were combined into a single VOI. All VOIs were transferred to PET images and the mean VOI activity were extracted for each brain region. The tissue ratios between regions with specific binding and cerebellum were computed.

Mukherjee J., Majji D., Kaur J., Constantinescu C.C., Narayanan T.K., Shi B., Nour M.T, & Pan M.L. (2016). PET radiotracer development for imaging high-affinity state of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors: Binding studies of fluorine-18 labeled aminotetralins in rodents. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 71(3), 10.1002/syn.21950.

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Kinetic Analysis of Imaging Data

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Kinetic analysis of data was performed using the SRTM [47 (link)] in the PMOD software package (version 3.6, PMOD Technologies Ltd.) for ROIs (1) to (5). The model assumes a 1-tissue compartment arrangement in the target region (lesion) and the reference region. Input functions were derived using the contralateral hemisphere ROI (region 4), cerebellum (region 5) and the supervised clustering approach. R₁ (ratio of tracer delivery in the target ROI vs. that in all respective reference regions) and BP_ND were calculated for all ROIs.

Sridharan S., Lepelletier F.X., Trigg W., Banister S., Reekie T., Kassiou M., Gerhard A., Hinz R, & Boutin H. (2016). Comparative Evaluation of Three TSPO PET Radiotracers in a LPS-Induced Model of Mild Neuroinflammation in Rats. Molecular Imaging and Biology, 19(1), 77-89.

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