Poly ε caprolactone pcl

Tacrolimus 99.3% pure (Mw = 822.0389 g/mol, Fagron, Rotterdam, Netherlands), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Mw = 14,000 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sorbitan monooleate (Span^® 80, Oxiteno, Mauá, Brazil), polysorbate 80 (Tween^® 80, Delaware, Porto Alegre, Brazil), medium chain triglycerides (MCT, 99% pure, Focus Química, São Paulo, Brazil), lactose monohydrate (LAC, Biotec Produtos Químicos, São José dos Pinhais, Brazil), and acetone (≥99.9% pure, Vetec Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were used as received. Water was purified in a Milli-Q Plus water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (number-average molar mass = 45,000 g/mol), was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). APIBPOSS (C₃₁H₇₁NO₁₂Si₈, Fw = 874.58), a white crystalline powder, and APIOPOSS (C₅₉H₁₂₇NO₁₂Si₈, Fw = 1267.32), a pale yellow viscous liquid, were purchased from Hybrid plastics (Hattiesburg, MS, USA). PIOPOSS-PCL-PIOPOSS hybrid was synthesized by grafting APIOPOSS to PCL chains using “click chemistry” as described elsewhere [26 (link)]. The alkyne-functionalized POSS (N-(3-(heptaisooctyl POSS) propyl) propiolamide) and bis-azide end-functionalized PCL were used for the click chemistry approach. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of each POSS. Trichloromethane (CHCl₃) was obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain).

The polymeric materials included poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and poly[(d,l)-lactide-co-glyco lide] (PLGA) polymer (lactide/glycolide: 50/50) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Epinephrine and lidocaine hydrochloride were included, while type I collagen was from calf skin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
A PCL stent with a dimension of 9 mm × 12 mm and an open window of 5 mm × 5 mm was sliced from a 0.15 mm thick film that is solvent-casted. Membranes with three various PLGA/drug combinations, namely 6:1, 3:1 and 2:1, respectively, were produced. To manufacture the multi-layered membranes with 6:1 polymer-to-drug ratio, PLGA/lidocaine (300 mg:50 mg), PLGA/epinephrine (300 mg:50 mg), and PLGA/collagen (300 mg:50 mg) were primarily dissolved in 1 mL of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) (Sigma-Aldrich), respectively. The PLGA/lidocaine solution was spun and collected by the collection plate in a nonwoven form. The procedure was duplicated to manufacture subsequently the PLGA/epinephrine and PLGA/collagen nanofibers. All procedures were performed at room temperature. On the other hand, the preparation of nanofibrous membranes with 3:1 and 2:1 polymer-to-drug ratios followed the same electrospinning procedure, except that the polymer/drug used were 300 mg/100 mg and 300 mg/150 mg, respectively.

Poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL with a MW of 70,000–90,000 Da, β-Cyclodextrin reagent grade and CM Sephadex C-25 were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); Acetone, 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE), dimethylformamide (DMF) dichlormethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All of them were purchased from JT Baker (Ecatepec, México State, México), and used without further purification. The cyclodextrin prior its use was dried in an oven vacuum at 80 °C for 24 h.

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (MW = 80,000), naringin (Ng), and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) (PEG MW = 2000; PCL MW = 2000) was from Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). SD rats were purchased from the animal center of Chongqing Medical University. Alpha-modified Eagle’s medium (α-MEM, HyClone, USA), fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Australia), antibiotics (Sigma, USA) and trypsin-EDTA (Beyotime, China) were used in the cell culture of osteoblasts. Chloral hydrate (Sangon Biotech, China) was used for general anesthesia of SD rats. All chemicals used were analytically pure.