C ebpα

TBS consists of C. rotundus L., C. unshiu Markovich, and Poria cocos. The three herbs were purchased from Nanum Pharmaceutical Company (Seoul, Republic of Korea). The herbal samples were performed for sensory test according to ‘The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia’ by Prof. Yun-Yeop Cha, and only those that passed the Korean Pharmacopoeia standard were selected and used for this experiment. TBS was made using a 1: 1: 1 ratio of these herbs (400 g each). The herbs were then extracted in water at 99 °C for 3 h. The extract was freeze-dried, and the yield rate was calculated at 33.20% (33.20 g per 100 g of liquid extract). The powder was dissolved in distilled water for this experiment, and the residual powder was stored at − 20 °C. The 30% HFD was obtained from Research Diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). The p-AMPK and AMPK antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, AMPK, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corporation (Daejeon, Republic of Korea), and SYBR Premix Ex Taq was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Japan). Orlistat was purchased Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA).

3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, and Oil Red O powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), bovine serum (BS), fetal bovine serum, and antibiotic-antimycotic (ABAM) were obtained from Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). A 45% HFD was acquired from research diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer Corporation (Daejeon, Republic of Korea), and SYBR Premix Ex Taq was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Japan). Antibodies against PPARγ (cat. No. sc-7273), C/EBPα (cat. No. sc-9314), SREBP1 (cat. No. sc-13551), and β-actin (cat. No. sc-81178) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).

BV, IBMX, Dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, Oil red O, and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium (DMEM), bovine serum (BS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin (PS) were purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Antibodies against PPARγ (E-8; cat. no. sc-7273), C/EBPα (C-18; cat. no. sc-9314), and β-actin (C4; cat. no. sc-47778) were purchased from Santa Cruz biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK; Thr202/Tyr204; cat. no. #9101), ERK (cat. no. #9102), phospho-stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK; Thr183/Tyr185; cat. no. #9251), JNK (cat. no. #9252), phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38; Thr180/Thy182; cat. no. #9215), p38 (cat. no. #9212), p-AMPK (Thr172; cat. no. #2535), AMPK (cat. no. #2532), p-ACC (Ser79; cat. no. #3661), and ACC (cat. no. #3662) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA) Horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA). SYBR Green Master Mix was purchased from Applied Biosystems (Foster, CA, USA). C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, PPARγ, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea).