Albumin, transthyretin, predialysis creatinine and urea as well as C-reactive protein which are performed in routine practice in our hemodialysis center were recorded from patient's medical files. Transthyretin was dosed using an immunoturbidimetry assay (ADVIA® 1800 Clinical Chemistry System, Siemens, France). Albumin was dosed in serum using bromocresol green assay (ADVIA® 1800 Clinical Chemistry System, Siemens, France).
Advia 1800 clinical chemistry system
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany, United States, Denmark, France
The ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System is a fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer designed for high-throughput laboratory testing. The system employs photometric and potentiometric detection methods to perform a wide range of clinical chemistry tests, including tests for metabolites, enzymes, proteins, and other analytes. The ADVIA 1800 is capable of handling a large number of samples and can operate continuously with minimal user intervention.
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25 protocols using advia 1800 clinical chemistry system
1
Routine Hemodialysis Biomarker Assessment
2
Hematological Analysis of Fish
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To reveal potential associations between the nematodes and the function of the liver and the disease status of the fish, the haematological analysis was performed. Following respirometry, fish (n = 60) were stunned by a sharp blow to the head; blood was immediately sampled by caudal puncture with a lithium-heparinized 21-gauge hypodermic needle, and fish were euthanized by spinal transection. Blood samples were centrifuged at 1610G for 5 min, and the plasma fraction was stored at −18°C (Houston, 2002 ). Total blood protein content (g L−1) was determined using an ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens), while the separation of plasma protein fractions into pre-albumin, albumin and the globulins (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 and gamma) was done using capillary electrophoresis (MINICAP PROTEIN 6, Sebia, Lisses). A/G ratios were calculated by dividing individual plasma albumin and globulins values.
3
Bone Resorption Biomarker Quantification
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Calcium release was analyzed by measuring the concentration of total calcium (Ca2+) in medium after resorption using a colorimetric calcium assay, based on the o-cresolphthalein complexone (CPC) method, on an ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (both from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). C-terminal type I collagen fragments (CTX-I) released from resorbed bone were measured using the CrossLaps for Culture ELISA (IDS, The Boldons, UK), which was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. C2M, a metabolite of MMP-mediated collagen type II degradation, was measured as previously described [40 (link)]. Biomarker levels below the detection limits of the respective assays were assigned the detection limit as their value. Medium from wells containing only matrix and medium were used as background samples in all biomarker measurements (Additional file 7 : Figure S7).
4
Diagnosing Diabetes and Hypothyroidism in Dogs
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Samples analysed for serum fructosamine were used for diagnosing DM, and analysis of TSH and FreeT4 in serum were used for diagnosing hypothyroidism based on defined criteria. The criterium for classifying a diabetic dog was a serum fructosamine concentration > 315 μmol/L. Fructosamine was analysed in serum by the Siemens Advia® 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Germany) using the nitrobluetetrazolium-chloride (NBT) analytical method (Horiba Medical). For hypothyroidism, the criteria for classifying primary hypothyroidism in a dog were a serum TSH-concentration > 0.45 μg/L and a free thyroxine concentration (FT4) < 7 ρmol/L in the same sample. TSH and FT4 were analysed in serum by the Siemens Immulite® 2000 Immunoassay System using chemiluminescence methods (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Germany). The laboratory has used the same analytical methods, analyzers and reference ranges during the whole period.
5
Measuring Hematologic and Biochemical Parameters
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Hematologic parameters were measured using a Siemens-ADVIA 120 whole blood autoanalyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Blood Chemistry for renal and liver function was performed using the Siemens Advia 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA), whereas CRP concentrations were determined with immunonephelometry using a Beckman Coulter IMMAGE immunochemistry system (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA). The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.5% and 7.0%, respectively.
For suPAR determination, plasma was isolated from EDTA-K3 anticoagulated blood samples of neonates following centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 minutes and stored at −80°C until analysis. Plasma suPAR levels were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (suPARnostic Standard kit; ViroGates A/S, Birkerød, Denmark). This assay utilizes a double monoclonal antibody that measures all circulating suPAR, including full-length and cleaved forms of the receptor. According to the standards provided by the manufacturer in ng/mL, a curve was constructed by us and the results were expressed as ng/mL, in a range between 0.6 and 20.0 ng/mL. The intra- and interassay CVs ranged from 1.3% to 4.7% and 1.7% to 5.1%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity limit was 0.1 ng/mL.
For suPAR determination, plasma was isolated from EDTA-K3 anticoagulated blood samples of neonates following centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 minutes and stored at −80°C until analysis. Plasma suPAR levels were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (suPARnostic Standard kit; ViroGates A/S, Birkerød, Denmark). This assay utilizes a double monoclonal antibody that measures all circulating suPAR, including full-length and cleaved forms of the receptor. According to the standards provided by the manufacturer in ng/mL, a curve was constructed by us and the results were expressed as ng/mL, in a range between 0.6 and 20.0 ng/mL. The intra- and interassay CVs ranged from 1.3% to 4.7% and 1.7% to 5.1%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity limit was 0.1 ng/mL.
6
Measuring Systemic Inflammation: IL-6 and hs-CRP
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP). IL-6 and hs-CRP were used as primary indices of systemic inflammation. For the assessment of IL-6 and hs-CRP levels, 5.5 ml blood was collected and stored at −80 °C. Hs-CRP was measured with a latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay using the Siemens Advia 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthineers, Tarrytown, NY, USA). IL-6 levels were detected with a solid phase enzyme-labelled chemiluminescence immunometric assay using the random access chemiluminescence-immunoassay system (IMMULITE, 2000; Siemens Healthineers, Tarrytown, NY, USA) (for more details see Engert et al. (2018) (link)). Levels of IL-6 follow a circadian cycle, with lower levels during daytime and higher levels during the night (Vgontzas et al., 2005 (link)). To account for these fluctuations, time of sampling was documented and included as a control variable in all analysis.
7
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Metabolic Markers
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OGTT was done with 75-gram standard anhydrous glucose. The glucose was ingested in 300 ml of water after overnight fasting. Blood samples were drawn initially and two hours after ingestion. Plasma fasting glucose, serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were determined by spectrophotometry method (Advia 1800 Clinical Chemistry System Siemens, USA). The fasting serum insulin levels were assessed by chemiluminescence method (Beckman-Coulter Inc., USA). Homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated by the formula:
After centrifugation, blood samples were stored at -85°C until analysis. The fasting serum levels of the adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), leptin, resistin (AssayMax, Assaypro, USA), vaspin, and visfatin (RayBiotech Inc., USA) were determined by ELISA method.
After centrifugation, blood samples were stored at -85°C until analysis. The fasting serum levels of the adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), leptin, resistin (AssayMax, Assaypro, USA), vaspin, and visfatin (RayBiotech Inc., USA) were determined by ELISA method.
8
Automated Enzyme Activity Assay
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AST and ALT activities were analyzed with the ADVIA 1800® Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany).
9
Metabolic Profiling of Dairy Cows
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Blood samples were taken around 14 DIM (15 ± 0.1 DIM, mean ± SEM) and 35 DIM (37 ± 0.1 DIM) into both serum and heparin tubes by jugular or coccygeal venipuncture, separated by centrifugation (1,600 × g at 4°C for 15 min), and stored at -20°C for subsequent analysis. Laboratory analysis of blood metabolites was performed at the Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. Glucose and NEFA concentrations were determined using enzymatic methods (glucose, ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Ballerup, Denmark; NEFA, C ACS-ACOD assay method, Fujifilm Wako Diagnostics, Mountain View, CA). Plasma BHB concentrations were determined by measuring absorbance at 340 nm due to the production of NADH at alkaline pH in the presence of BHB dehydrogenase. Intra-and inter-assay CV were, in all cases, <3 and 4%, respectively, for both low and high control samples. Concentrations of IGF-1 were determined in serum by radioimmunoassay at University College Dublin, Ireland, following acid-ethanol extraction using the method previously described by Beltman et al. (2010) (link). Intra-assay CV were 12.4, 7.5, and 9.9% for low, medium, and high control samples, respectively. The corresponding inter-assay CV were 7.8, 3.9, and 9.4%. The sensitivity of the assay, defined as the lowest concentration detectable, was 4 ng/mL.
10
Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Measures
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Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on weight in kilograms and height in meters. Adults with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 were considered overweight and those with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 were considered obese [17 (link)]. According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) guideline, adults with a BMI greater than or equal to 27 kg/m2 with comorbidity and those with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 were recommended a comprehensive lifestyle intervention and adjuvant therapies such as pharmacotherapy [17 (link)]. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the level of the mid-point between the inferior margin of the last rib and the iliac crest using a constant tension tape while standing. Blood pressure was checked twice in the sitting position after 5 min of rest. Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting. Fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured with the ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Non-HDL-C levels were calculated by deducting the HDL-C level from the TC level.
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