poly(ethylene glycol) PEG (Mn 4000), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (MW
10 000, dialyzed), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) (Mn 40 000)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck). Cesium chloride, magnesium
sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride, and PEG (Mn 8000) were purchased
from Fisher Scientific. Glycerol was purchased from Scientific Laboratory
Supplies (SLS). Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was purchased from Carbosynth.
Phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (8 g·L–1 NaCl,
0.2 g·L–1 KCl, 1.15 g·L–1 Na2HPO4, 0.2 g·L–1 KH2PO4) and Tris-HCl (24.2 g·L–1 Tris, 80 g·L–1 NaCl) were prepared by media
preparation facility in the School of Life Sciences at the University
of Warwick. SM-I buffer (1 M NaCl, 8 mM MgSO4·7H2O, 22.5 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5) and SM-II buffer (100 mM NaCl,
8 mM MgSO4·7H2O, 22.5 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5)
was prepared in-house.