were treated in a PS-400-6 Innovative Technologies Solvent Purification
System (SPS) and degassed prior to use. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV-300
(300.13 MHz), a Bruker AV-400 (400.16 MHz), or a Bruker AV-500 (500.13
MHz) spectrometer. In both 1H NMR and 13C NMR
measurements, the chemical shifts are expressed in ppm downfield from
SiMe4. The 31P NMR chemical shifts are relative
to 85% H3PO4. J values are
given in Hz. COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMQC, and HMBC 1H–X
(X = 1H, 13C, 31P, 15N)
correlation spectra were obtained using standard procedures. Analytical
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on an
Alliance Waters 2695 (Waters 2996 PDA detector) instrument using a
chiral column Chiralpak IB (0.46 × 25 cm2) and an
IB guard (0.46 × 1 cm2). High-resolution mass spectra
were obtained with a Micro Tof-Q Bruker Daltonics spectrometer.