Ammonium acetate

Manufactured by Scharlab

Sourced in Spain, Germany

Ammonium acetate is a chemical compound with the formula CH3COONH4. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Ammonium acetate is commonly used as a buffer solution in various analytical and scientific applications.

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10 protocols using ammonium acetate

Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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HPLC grade methanol, acetone, and methyl tert-butyl ether were acquired from Fisher Scientific Scharlau Chemie (Loughborough, UK). Sodium chloride was purchased from POCH S.A. (Sowińskiego, Poland). Ultrapure water was obtained with a Milli-Q system (Millipore Ibérica, Madrid, Spain). Ammonium carbonate, acetonitrile, hexane, ethanol (HPLC grade), magnesium chloride hexahydrate, acetic acid, and ammonium acetate were acquired from Scharlab (Sentmenat, Spain). Butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) was purchased from Scharlau Chemie S.A. (Barcelona, Spain). Calcium chloride dihydrate was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were acquired from VWR (Llinars del Vallès, Spain). Potassium chloride was obtained from Panreac (Castellar del Vallès, Spain). Digestive enzymes (porcine pepsin, porcine bile extract, porcine pancreatin, and porcine lipase) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).
Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid commercial patterns were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). B-carotene standard was acquired from Carote-Nature (Ostermundigen, Switzerland), and α-carotene was acquired from Supelco-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

López-Gámez G., Elez-Martínez P., Martín-Belloso O, & Soliva-Fortuny R. (2021). Applying Pulsed Electric Fields to Whole Carrots Enhances the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds in Derived Products. Foods, 10(6), 1321.

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Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids

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Anisodamine hydrobromide (racemic mixture of diastereomers), scopolamine hydrobromide and atropine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Morphine, codeine, and thebaine were purchased from Alcaliber S.A.U. (Madrid, Spain). Papaverine and noscapine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Stock solutions (1000 mg/mL) were prepared in methanol. A standard working solution containing a mixture of TAs and OAs at the desired concentration was prepared in water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. All solutions were stored at −20 °C. Acetonitrile, triethylamine, and trifluoroacetic acid from Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain) and ammonium acetate from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain) were used for HPLC mobile phase preparation. Glacial acetic acid from Scharlab, methanol, and formic acid from Fisher Scientific were used for the extraction of the analytes, all of HPLC-MS grade. Ultra-pure water (resistance 18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q-System (Billerica, MA, USA). 0.45 µm nylon membrane filters, 0.45 µm nylon syringe filters, and 1 mL empty syringes were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain).

Vera-Baquero F.L., Morante-Zarcero S, & Sierra I. (2022). Evaluation of Thermal Degradation of Tropane and Opium Alkaloids in Gluten-Free Corn Breadsticks Samples Contaminated with Stramonium Seeds and Baked with Poppy Seeds under Different Conditions. Foods, 11(15), 2196.

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Comprehensive Analytical Procedures for Dietary Compounds

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HPLC grade methanol, acetone and methyl tert-butyl ether were acquired from Fisher Scientific Scharlau Chemie (Loughborough, UK), sodium chloride was purchased from POCH S.A.
(Sowińskiego, Poland). Ultrapure water was obtained with a Milli-Q system (Millipore Ibérica, Madrid, Spain). Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium carbonate, acetonitrile, hexane and ethanol (HPLC grade), acetic acid, ammonium acetate were purchased from Scharlab (Sentmenat, Spain). Calcium chloride dihydrate was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from VWR (Llinars del Vallès, Spain). Butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) was acquired from Scharlau Chemie S.A.
(Barcelona, Spain). Potassium chloride was obtained from Panreac (Castellar del Vallès, Spain).
All digestive enzymes (porcine α-amylase, porcine pepsin, porcine bile extract and porcine pancreatin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).
Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid commercial patterns were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); and quercetin-3-O-glucoside from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Phytoene and β-carotene standards were obtained from Carote-Nature (Ostermundigen, Switzerland), α-carotene was purchased from Supelco-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and lutein from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA).

López-Gámez G ., Elez-Martínez P ., Quiles-Chuliá A ., Martín-Belloso O ., Hernando-Hernando I , & Soliva-Fortuny R . (2021). Effect of pulsed electric fields on carotenoid and phenolic bioaccessibility and their relationship with carrot structure. Food & function, 12(6).

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Certified Reference Materials for Drugs of Abuse

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Certified reference materials of AMP, METH, MDMA, COC and BE as well as their corresponding isotope-labelled analogues AMP-d6, METH-d5, MDMA-d5, COC-d3 and BE-d3 were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). All standards were acquired as solutions in methanol or acetonitrile.
Methanol (MeOH) HPLC, acetonitrile (ACN) HPLC, ammonium acetate and formic acid for LC-MS were acquired from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water was obtained by purifying demineralised water (H₂O) in a Milli-Q plus system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Oasis HLB cartridges (3 cm³, 60 mg) were from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
Standard stock solutions of each non-labelled compound were prepared at 100 mg L⁻¹ in MeOH or ACN. Stock solutions were used to prepare intermediate 10 mg L⁻¹ solutions in MeOH or ACN and mixed to a 1 mg L⁻¹ working solution in MeOH by diluting with the appropriate solvents. Individual stock solutions of isotope-labelled compounds were prepared in MeOH or ACN at 10 mg L⁻¹. A surrogate mixed standard solution at 100 μg L⁻¹ was prepared by volumetric dilution in MeOH/H₂O 1:9 v/v.
All standard solutions were stored in amber glass bottles at −20 °C.
Each working day, final calibration curves using mixed standards and surrogates were prepared by subsequent dilutions in MeOH/H₂O 1:9.

Pitarch-Motellón J., Bijlsma L., Sancho Llopis J.V, & Roig-Navarro A.F. (2021). Isotope pattern deconvolution as a successful alternative to calibration curve for application in wastewater-based epidemiology. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 413(13), 3433-3442.

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Analysis of Herbal Smoking Ingredients

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HPLC-grade water was obtained by purifying demineralized water in a Milli-Q plus system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) and ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) were obtained from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Leucineenkephalin, formic acid (HCOOH, 98 -100 %) and quinoline (98 % purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).
Fourteen herbs mainly smoked in spice products: Cannavalia Maritima, Nymphaea Alba, Scutellaria Lateriflora, Zornia Latifolia, Nelumbo Nucifera, Leonurus Sibiricus, Althaea Officinalis, Turnera Diffusa, Verbascum Thapsus, Trifolium Pratense, Claendula Officinalis, Leonotis Leonurus, Astragallus Root and Rosa Canina were purchased from Worldherbals (Vlaardingen, The Netherlands). Tobacco from three different trademarks (Domingo, Fortuna and Camel) were purchased from a local tobacco shop.

Gil-Solsona R., Sancho J.V., Gassner A.L., Weyermann C., Hernández F., Delémont O, & Bijlsma L. (2021). Use of ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry in metabolomics studies to provide near MS/MS quality data in a single injection. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS, 56(5).

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Analytical Method for Antimicrobial Compounds

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Thiabendazole (TBZ), flumequine (FLU), oxolinic acid (OA), ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) (molecular structures shown in Fig. 1) high purity (>99 %), gum Arabic, lignin sulphonic acid sodium, peptone, and humic acid substances were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Beef extract from Bovril. FeSO 4 •7H 2 O, H 2 O 2 (33 % w/v), NaHCO 3 , NaCl, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NaOH, acetic acid (96 %), 1,10-phenanthroline 1-hydrate, H 2 SO 4 (96 %), and UHPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile, were obtained from AppliChem-Panreac. Ammonium acetate, K 2 HPO 4 , MgSO 4 •7H 2 O, CaSO 4 •2H 2 O and ascorbic acid were purchased from Scharlau, and formic acid (80 %) from VWR Chemicals. Ultra-pure water (MQ) was prepared with a Merck Milli-Q system. FLU, OA, OFL, ENR and CIP 300 μM stock solutions were prepared in basic media and TBZ 300 μM in acidic media. All the solutions were stable when preserved in the dark, and no hydrolysis was observed.

Sciscenko I., Mora M., Micó P., Escudero-Oñate C., Oller I, & Arques A. (2022). EEM-PARAFAC as a convenient methodology to study fluorescent emerging pollutants degradation: (fluoro)quinolones oxidation in different water matrices. The Science of the total environment, 852.

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Targeted Analysis of Perfluorinated Compounds

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The target analytes included two perfluorosulfonates which were PFHxS and PFOS and five perfluorocarboxylates which included PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA. Internal Standards (I.S.) in methanol included 13 C 2 -PFHxA, 13 C 4 -PFHpA, 13 C 8 -PFOA, 13 C 5 -PFNA, 13 C 6 -PFDA, 18 O 2 -PFHxS and 13 C 8 -PFOS. A list with abbreviations of the nonlabelled and labelled standards is shown in Table S1 of the Supporting information (SI).
The analytical standards and labelled standards were provided as a mixture in methanol by Prof. De Voogt and his team and had originally been procured by Campro Scientific, Veenendaal, The Netherlands. Methanol (MeOH) of LC-MS grade was obtained from Scharlab, while ammonium acetate (AcNH 4 : 77.08 g/mol; 98%) and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 •5H 2 O: 248.18 g/mol; N 99.5%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ultra-pure water having a conductivity of 18 MΩ/cm was prepared using the Elga Purelab Classic purification system.

Sammut G., Sinagra E., Helmus R, & de Voogt P. (2017). Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Maltese environment - (I) surface water and rain water. The Science of the total environment, 589.

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Quantification of Perfluorinated Compounds

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The target analytes included two perfluorosulfonates which were PFHxS and PFOS and five perfluorocarboxylates which included PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA. Internal Standards (I.S.) in methanol included 13 C 2 -PFHxA, 13 C 4 -PFHpA, 13 C 8 -PFOA, 13 C 5 -PFNA, 13 C 6 -PFDA, 18 O 2 -PFHxS and 13 C 8 -PFOS. A list with abbreviations of the nonlabelled and labelled standards is shown in Table S1 of the Supporting Information (SI).
The analytical standards and labelled standards were provided as a mixture in methanol by Prof. De Voogt and his team (Campro Scientific, Veenendaal, The Netherlands). Methanol (MeOH) of LC-MS grade was obtained from Scharlab, while ammonium acetate (AcNH 4 : 77.08 g/mol; 98%) and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 •5H 2 O: 248.18 g/mol; N99.5%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ultra-pure water 18 MΩ-cm was prepared using the Elga Purelab Classic purification system.

Sammut G., Sinagra E., Sapiano M., Helmus R, & de Voogt P. (2019). Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Maltese environment - (II) sediments, soils and groundwater. The Science of the total environment, 682.

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Determination of Steviol Glycosides and Antioxidants

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HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France) and analytical grade ethanol and ammonium acetate were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). The standards Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C, Dulcoside A, Stevioside and Steviolbioside (purity > 98%) were obtained from Chromadex (CA, USA).
De-ionized water from MilliQ (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA) was used throughout the procedure. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was carried out on a vacuum manifold system (Lichrolut, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) using StrataC18-E cartridges (500 mg, 3 mL, 55 μm, 70 Å) from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA) for the determination of steviol glycosides.
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were used to determine the total antioxidant activity. Sodium nitrite, (+)-catechin, sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (Fluka, Germany) were used to analyse the flavonoids. Sodium carbonate, gallic acid and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were utilized for phenolic determination.

Periche A., Castelló M.L., Heredia A, & Escriche I. (2015). Influence of Extraction Methods on the Yield of Steviol Glycosides and Antioxidants in Stevia rebaudiana Extracts. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 70(2).

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Qualitative Analysis of Herbal and Tobacco Samples

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HPLC-grade water was obtained by purifying demineralized water in a Mili-Q plus system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), and ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) were acquired from Scharlab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Leucine-enkephalin, formic acid (HCOOH, 98 -100 %), Scopoletin (99% purity) and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine (99% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Augsburg, Germany).
Six natural herbal components Canavalia maritima, Leonurus sibiricus, Althaea officinalis, Turnera diffusa, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula officinalis were purchased from Worldherbals (Vlaardingen, the Netherlands). Tobacco from different trademarks (Domingo, Fortuna and Camel) was purchased from a local tobacconist.

Bijlsma L., Gil-Solsona R., Hernández F, & Sancho J.V. (2018). What about the herb? A new metabolomics approach for synthetic cannabinoid drug testing. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 410(21).

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