Hela cells

The HeLa cells and A549 cells were purchased from Shanghai Zhong Qiao Xin Zhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The cells were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (Hyclone, Thermo Scientific) and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd). The cells were cultured under a 5% CO₂ atmosphere at 37 °C.

HeLa cells were purchased from Zhongqiao Xinzhou Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). NU/NU nude mice were purchased from Weitong Lihua Laboratory Animal Technology (Beijing, China). C-PC was purchased from Binmei Biotechnology (Taizhou, China). CMC was purchased from Honghai Biotechnology (Qingdao, China). CD55sp (QVNGLGERSQQM) was purchased from Gill Biochem (Shanghai, China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Biosharp (Hefei, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and TUNEL kit were purchased from Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were purchased from Gene Mei (Wuhan, China). Rabbit anti-human Bcl-2, caspase 3, and goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody were purchased from Abcam (UK). A laser particle size analyzer (Nano ZS90) was purchased from Malvern Instruments (UK). A full-function micropore detector was purchased from BIO-TEK (USA). A flow cytometer (Accuri C6) was purchased from Bidi Medical Devices (Shanghai, China). A fluorescence microscope (DP80) was purchased from Olympus (Japan). Powerpac Basic was purchased from BIO-RAD (USA). Vilber Fusion Solo Chemiluminescence Imaging System (4S) was purchased from Vilber (France).

Human embryonic kidney 293 T cells (HEK-293T cells), human cervical cells (HeLa cells), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and mouse retinal endothelial cells (mREC cells), cultured in the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with high glucose (H-DMEM), were purchased from Shanghai Zhong Qiao Xin Zhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China). All above-mentioned media were supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% relevant antibiotics (100 μg mL⁻¹ streptomycin and 100 U mL⁻¹ penicillin). All cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ incubator with the humidified atmosphere.