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5 protocols using quercetin 3 o arabinoside

1

Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivities

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Ultra-pure water (<5 µg/L TOC) was obtained from the water purification systems Arium 126 61316-RO, in addition to an Arium 611 UV unit (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany). Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid (MS grade) were purchased from J. T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Commercial Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride hexahydrate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, trolox, quercetin, gallic acid, Amberlite® resin (XAD4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), phosphate buffer, LDOPA, tyrosinase, kojic acid, trichloroacetic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), fetal calf serum (FCS, Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), L-glutamine (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), penicillin G (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), streptomycin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), sulforhodamine B (SRB, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and HPLC standards (cyandin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside) with purity higher than 95% by HPLC were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chem. Co. (St, Louis, MO, USA) or Extrasynthèse (Genay, France).
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Antioxidant Compounds Isolation and Characterization

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Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, (-)-epicatechin, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were supplied by Extrasynthese (Genay, France). quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, (+)-catechin, phloretin, phloridzin, and other compounds were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany); 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent and others of reagent-grade quality were from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Ultrapure water was purified with a Millipore Direct-Q UV 3 System (Bedford, MA, USA). Flavonoids and solvents were HPLC-grade quality, and other reagents were at least reagent-grade quality.
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3

HPLC-ESI-MS Analyses of Flavonoids

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For HPLC-ESI-MS analyses of the flavonoids, we followed the method of Yi et al. (2016 (link)) with modification. Experimental standards of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, astilbin, phloridzin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin, and luteolin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); experimental standards of 4-O-coumaroyl quinic acid, procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, and taxifolin-3-O-glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, U.K.); data obtained for experimental standards and information regarding the identified compounds were combined to identify the flavonoids.
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4

Propagation and Maintenance of Viral Cell Lines

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The maintenance and propagation of primary HFF cells, the recombinant laboratory pOka strain of VZV (VZV–pOka), and the Towne strain of HCMV (HCMV–Towne) were previously described [39 (link),40 (link)]. Digallic acid was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Luteolin-7-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin, galloyl-D-glucose, gallic acid, trigalloyl glucose, ellagic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose, and acyclovir (ACV) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo, USA). Ganciclovir (GCV) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).
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5

Analytical Standards for Bioactive Compounds

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Analytical-grade hexane was purchased from Poch (Gliwice, Poland); HPLC-grade formic acid and acetonitrile from Fluka (St. Louis, MO, USA); 5-caffeoylquinic acid (99%), caffeic acid (99%), ferulic acid (99%), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (98%), benzoic acid (99%), catechin (≥ 99%), epicatechin (≥ 98%), epigallocatechin (≥ 90%), procyanidin B2 (≥ 90%), procyanidin C1 (≥ 75%), quercetin (≥ 95%), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (≥ 98%), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (≥ 97%), and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (≥ 95%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); 3-caffeoylqunic acid (99%), 4-caffeoylqunic acid (99%), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (99%), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (99%) from Phy-toLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); and nylon filters from Chromacol (Herts, UK). Ultrapure water (resistivity, 18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q Plus purification system (Bedford, MA, USA). Kits for serum marker enzyme activities were from LaChema (Brno, Czech Republic); kits for TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, and IFN-γ determination from R&D Systems GmbH (Wiesbaden, Germany); kits for hyaluronic acid, laminin, type I collagen measurements, and assay kits for measurement of hyaluronic acid, laminin, and type I collagen from Wuhan USCN Sciences Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).
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