proteins/lane) were separated by
SDS-PAGE using 10% Bis-Tris NuPAGE Novex Gel (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough,
U.K.) according to the protocol described in the
and transferred to PVDF (poly(vinylidene difluoride)) membranes using
a Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, U.K.) for
100 min at 125 V. Afterward, PVDF membranes were removed and blocked
in 5% milk in PBST (PBS, pH 7.2–7.5, 0.05% Tween-20) overnight
at 4 °C. Membranes were washed in PBST and then incubated overnight
at 4 °C with primary antibody mouse monoclonal anti-DNP (dinitro-phenyl-hydrazone)
(Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, Cat# A2831, RRID: AB_258033) at 1:1000
dilution. The following day, membranes were washed with PBST and incubated
at room temperature with corresponding horseradish goat antimouse
IgG/peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody (polyclonal goat
antimouse IgG; HRP, Millipore Cat# AP340P-50 ML, RRID: AB_1587164)
diluted at 1:1000. After 1 h of incubation, membranes were washed
in PBST and soaked with Western Enhanced Chemiluminescence substrates
supplied by the kit (Bio-Rad, Hertfordshire, U.K.). The emitted chemiluminescent
signals were detected by a ChemiDoc MP digital imaging system (Bio-Rad,
Hertfordshire, U.K.), and protein visualization was captured by Image
Lab 5.0 software (Bio-Rad).