Visijet m3 crystal

3D computer-aided design (CAD) models of the cartridge were designed using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2019 software (Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA). The CAD data were exported in STL format for the 3D printer. A ProJet MJP 3600 MAX 3D printer (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) in its maximum resolution mode (XHD mode; z-axis resolution of 16 μm) was used for cartridge printing using a translucent and biocompatible ultraviolet (UV)-curable acrylic resin (Visijet M3 Crystal; 3D Systems). The cartridge printing process took approximately 4 h in the XHD mode. The cartridge is composed of separate top and bottom parts. We also fabricated a transparent 3D-printed cartridge using the same CAD data for visualizing flow in the channels. Owing to material (RGD−810 VeroClear; Stratasys, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) and printer (Objet500 Connex3; Stratasys) limitations, transparent materials were printed with a 30 µm z-axis resolution.

Design of the capsule cutting-sealing platform was carried out using Solidworks software (Dassault Systèmes, SW PRO). Printing was done using the ProJet 3500 HDMax (3D systems) 3D printer. VisiJet M3 Crystal and VisiJet S300 (3D systems, 1.0000-M06 and 1.0000-M03) served as printing material and support material, respectively. Schematics are deposited on https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4005301.

A mold for beam-shaped specimens (50 mm length × 5 mm width × 1 mm thickness) was designed using Solidworks software (Dassault Systems Solidworks Corp., Waltham, MA, USA). Specifically, the mold was made using a 3D printer (ProJet HD3500, 3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA). The designed mold was made of part (VisiJet M3 Crystal, 3D Systems Inc., USA) and supporter (VisiJet S300, 3D Systems Inc., USA) materials. After printing, the mold was heated in a convection oven (DCF-31-N, Dae Heung Science, Incheon, Korea) for melting the supporter. Lastly, the supporter was completely removed from the mold in an oil bath in an ultrasonic cleaner (Sae Han Ultrasonic Co., Seoul, Korea). After washing and drying, a release agent (Ease release 200, Smooth-On, Inc., Macungie, PA, USA) was sprayed on the mold surface to prevent the silicone from sticking to the surface of the mold.

The SD strip biosensor was designed to contain the sensing paper, onto which tear fluid can be collected and delivered. Thus, the SD strip biosensor was composed of three distinct parts connected in series: tip, channel, and reaction chamber. The tip was rounded with a 3-mm diameter, and an opening was made to form the channel (W × H × L: 2 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.3 mm) for tear infiltration. At the end of the channel, the reaction chamber (W × H × L: 1 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) was shaped to just fit the sensing paper. A schematic image of a strip-type sensor was drawn with Solidworks (Dassault Systèmes Solidworks Corp., Waltham, MA, USA). We fabricated the SD strip biosensor with a 3D printer (Projet 3500 HD MAX, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) using VisiJet M3 Crystal (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA), which is a certified material with known biocompatibility (United State Pharmacopeia Class VI). The illumination model was constructed with an LED spotlight and diffused optics from Edmund Optics. The optical system was constructed with a Sony IMX-128-(L)-AQP CMOS Sensor (Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and objective lens (Edmund Optics, Blackwood, NJ, USA). We removed the shadow and background noise using the algorithm and obtained a color value independent of illuminance through normalization.

The mold was designed using SolidWorks software (Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp., United States) to create the CI actuators with constructible convex and concave parts. Each mold had various sizes by controlling the height and radius. Notably, there was the gap between two convex and concave molds of 0.5 mm so that the CI actuator fabricated by the molds has a thickness of 0.5 mm. This design was printed using a 3D printer (ProJet HD 3500, 3D Systems Inc., United States) [Materials: part (VisiJet M3 Crystal, 3D Systems Inc., United States) and supporter (VisiJet S300, 3D Systems Inc., United States)]. In order to remove the supporter of the output mold, it was placed in a 75°C convection oven (DCF-31-N, Dae Heung Science, South Korea) for 6 h. All remaining supporters were removed from the oil bath in an ultrasonic cleaner (SaeHan Ultrasonic Co., South Korea). After washing and drying, in order to prevent silicone from sticking to the surface of the mold, a release agent (Ease release 200, Smooth-On, Inc., United States) was sprayed and dried for 30 min.

The machine, ProJet 3500 HDMax (3D Systems, South Carolina, America), used for 3D printing has a precision of 16 μm and can be used with two materials [4 (link)]. The printer use UV-curable plastic, VisiJet M3 Crystal (3D Systems, South Carolina, America), and support material, VisiJet S300 (3D Systems, South Carolina, America), which allow for hands-free, melt-away removal without damaging the delicate structures. Every tooth was created in duplicate, such that there were six experimental pairs, including twelve pairs of root canals.