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4 protocols using il 1 beta

1

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Assay

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Antibodies and reagents used in this work were purchased from the indicated sources: NLRP3 (AdipoGen; AG-20B-0014); ASC (Novus; NB1–78978 for western blots and Adipogen; AG-25B-0006 for IHC), caspase-1 p20 (Santa Cruz; sc-398715), Iba-1 (Novus NB1001028 or Wako; 19–19741), CD11b (Novus; NB11089474), goat anti-mouse-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; sc-2005) and goat anti-rabbit-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; sc-2004); IL-1 beta (Abcam; ab9722); actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A1978). Cryopyrin/NLRP3 siRNA (sc-45470) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. MCC950/CP-456773 (Sigma; pz0280) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Cocaine hydrochloride (C5776) and LPS (L2880) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Sterile water was used to dissolve cocaine and LPS. ATP (tlrl-atpl) was from Invivogen. FAM-FLICA caspase assay kit (#97) was from ImmunoChemistry
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Kidney Sections

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Immunofluorescence staining was performed on O.C.T-embedded frozen kidneys, which were sectioned at 8 µm before staining. Kidney sections were fixed in 4% PFA (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) before staining. Primary antibodies of thrombin, CD31, VCAM-1, NLRP3, Caspase-11, IL-1beta, or IL-18 (Abcam, Waltham, Boston, MA, USA) were applied onto the frozen section for 1 h at room temperature, followed by the corresponding secondary antibodies against rabbit labeled with Alex 594 or Cy5.5 (Abcam, Waltham, Boston, USA) incubation at room temperature for 30 min. Slides were then mounted with VECTASHIELD antifade mounting medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, USA) before being imaged with an Olympus dark-field microscope outfitted with a HAMAMATSU digital camera C11440 at 20× or 40× magnification. Double-blind data acquisition was performed on all images.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of NLRP3 and Fibrosis Markers

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NRK-52E cells were lysed using the protein lysis buffer radio immunoprecipitation assay containing a 50× protease inhibitor. Equal amounts of total extracted protein were electrophoresed on a 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transblotted onto 0.2 μm polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. After being blocked with 5% non-fat milk powder in tris-buffered saline and 0.1% Tween-20, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against NLRP3 (Abcam, 1:1000), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (CST, 1:1000), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (CST, 1:1000), CollagenI (Affinity, 1:1000), IL-1beta (Abcam, 1:1000), GAPDH (Boster, 1:4000), and beta-actin (Boster, 1:1000), followed by the addition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled secondary antibodies. Immune-reactive band signals were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting system, and band intensity was measured using ImageJ software.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of NLRP3 Inflammasome

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After the paraffin tissue sections were deparaffinized, they were placed in citrate buffer solution, heated 20 min and then cooled to room temperature. After being incubated with endogenous peroxidase blocking solution for 10 min, the sections were washed three times with PBS for 10 min each time, 5% BSA was added for 1 h at room temperature, and the following primary antibodies were added and incubated overnight at 4 °C: smooth muscle actin (1:200, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), vimentin (1:200, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), NLRP3 (1:100, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), caspase 1/P20/P10, (1:200, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and IL-1 beta (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The sections were washed three times with PBS for 10 min each time, and the reaction-enhancing solution was added. An appropriate amount of peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG was added and incubated at room temperature for 20 min. After being washed three times with PBS for 10 min each time, DAB was added to the sample for several seconds. After observing the color change under the light microscope, the reaction was terminated by placing the sample in deionized water. The nuclei were stained with hematoxylin, and the slides were examined under the light microscope.
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