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98 protocols using phospho gsk 3β ser9

1

Quantification of c-MYC and FBXW7 Stability

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After release from quiescence in the presence of DMSO or GUTK, cells were harvested and treated with ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail. Protein quantification, electrophoresis and western blotting were performed as previously described.42 (link) Antibodies (human specific) used were c-MYC (Abcam, Epitomics, Cambridge, UK, #1472-1), S62-phospho-c-MYC (ab51156), T58-phospho-c-MYC (ab28842) and GAPDH (ab128915) were obtained from Abcam Company (Cambridge, UK). Additional antibodies were phospho-Rb (Ser807/811) (#9308), ERK1/2 (137F5) (#4695), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (#4370), GSK3β (27C10) (#9315) and phospho-GSK3β (Ser 9) (#9323) purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), FBXW7 (A301-721A) were obtained from Bethyl Laboratories (Montgomery, TX, USA) and α-tubulin (sc-5286) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, CA, USA).
Immunoblot images were exported in the format of tagged image file and quantified using ImageJ 1.46 software (National Institute of Health). After normalization to loading control, the immunoblot bands of c-MYC and FBXW7 were plotted to determine the half-life. The 50% decrease in protein intensity based on the Y-axis was used to determine the corresponding value on the X-axis, which by definition is the time required for the proteins of interest to decrease to the half of the baseline levels.
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2

Investigating EMT Signaling Pathways

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Antibodies against E-cadherin and N-cadherin were obtained from BD Bioscience (NJ, USA); ZEB1/TCF8, MMP-2, MMP-9, phospho-Akt (Ser 473), phospho-Akt (Thr 308), Akt, phospho-GSK3β (Ser9), GSK3β, phospho-PI3K, PI3K p85α, β-catenin, β-actin and lamin A/C antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA); fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies were from Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology (LP, USA); vimentin, green fluorescent protein (GFP), Twist, and Slug antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA); and TCTP antibodies were obtained from LabFrontier (Seoul, Korea). 2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), rapamycin, and PP242 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology (LP, USA).
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3

Thrombin-Induced Platelet Activation Inhibition

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PMQ (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentamethylquercetin, HPLC grade with ≥98% purity; Fig. 1) was synthesized at the laboratory of Prof. Jin in our department31 (link). Thrombin and U46619 were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Collagen and luciferin-luciferase was purchased from Chrono-Log Corp (Havertown, PA, USA). Antibodies against total JNK, phospho-JNK (Thr183/185), total-AKT, total-Syk, total-PLCγ2, total-Erk, phospho-Erk (Tyr 204), total-GSK3β were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), phoshpo-PLCγ2 (Tyr1217), phospho-Syk (Tyr525/526), phospho-AKT (Ser473), and phospho-GSK3β (Ser9) were obtained from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-CD62P (P-selectin) antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). The ECL western blotting detection reagent was obtained from Pierce Chemical Co (Rockford, Illinois, USA). 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM PMQ stock solution was dissolved in 80% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at room temperature until use, 1 μl stock solution was further diluted in 250 μl platelet suspension in vitro experiment. And PMQ was dissolved in dilution buffer ( polyethyleneglycol: Glycerin: physiological saline = 4 : 2 : 9) in vivo experiment.
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4

Western Blotting of Signaling Proteins

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Whole cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting as previously described (28 (link)). p-Ser473-Akt, GSK3β, phospho-GSK3β-Ser9, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Herts, UK). Anti-human β-actin was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and anti-human GAPDH antibody from Abcam.
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5

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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Preparation of whole-cell extracts and immunoblotting were done essentially as described [32 (link)]. Briefly, protein lysates were separated on NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels (Life Technologies) using NuPAGE MOPS SDS Running Buffer (Life Technologies) and transferred by semi-dry blotting onto polyvinylidene diflouride membrane (GE Healthcare). Equal loading and transfer were confirmed by Amido Black staining (Sigma Aldrich). All washing and incubation steps were carried out with Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20 and 5% non-fat dry milk or BSA. Primary antibodies used were: AKT (#9272), phospho-CREB (Ser133) (#9198), phospho-GSK3α (Ser21) (#9316), phospho-GSK3β (Ser9) (#5558), phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (#9211), phospho-MKK3/6 (Ser189/Ser207) (#12280), phospho-HSL (Ser660) (#4126), phospho-HSL (Ser563) (#4139), phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA substrate (#9621) (all from Cell Signaling Technology), TFIIB (#sc-225) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CYC1 (#sc-7159) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), FABP4 (#10004944) (Cayman Chemical) and UCP1 (#10983) (Abcam). Secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse (DAKO). EZ-ECL Enhanced Chemiluminescence Detection Kit for HRP (Biological Industries) was used for detection.
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6

Investigating PDGFR-Mediated Signaling Pathways

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The following reagents were purchased from Sigma: D-glucose, D-mannitol, protease inhibitor cocktail, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, Na3VO4, NP-40, JNJ-10198409 (JNJ) and actin antibody. Tissue culture reagents were obtained from Life Technologies. Antibodies for phospho-p85 (Tyr-458), p85, phospho-PDGFRβ (Tyr-857), phospho-PDGFRβ (Tyr-740), phospho-PDGFRβ (Tyr-751), PDGFRβ, phospho-Akt (Ser-473), phospho-Akt (Thr-308), Akt, phospho-GSK3β (Ser-9) and GSK3β were obtained from Cell Signaling. TGFβ was purchased from R & D. TGFβ antibody was obtained from Abcam. Hif1α antibody, scramble RNA and pooled siRNAs against PDGFRβ were purchased from Santa Cruz. Anti-HA antibody was obtained from Covance. FuGENE transfection reagent and the OPTIMEM transfection medium were purchased from Promega and Life Technology, respectively. MK 2206 was obtained from Selleck Chemicals. 35S-methionine was purchased from PerkinElmer. The PDGFRβ (Y740/751F) mutant plasmid was a gift from Dr. Carl Heldin (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Sweden). The plasmids expressing HA-tagged Hif1α and HA-tagged Akt K179M were described previously [19 (link)].
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7

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Bilirubin (cat. No. B4126) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sorafenib (cat. No. HY-10201) was purchased from MedChemExpress (MJ, USA). TWS119 (cat. No. S1590) was purchased from Selleck Chem (TX, USA). Primary antibodies to the following were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA): PARP (#9542, RRID:AB_2160739), caspase 3 (#9662), cleaved caspase 3 (#9661), caspase 8 (#9746), cleaved caspase 8 (#9496), caspase 9 (#9508), Bax (#5023), BCL-2 (#4223), Bim (#2933), MCL-1 (#39224 or #94296), K48 (#8081), α-Tubulin (#2125), phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (#9323 or #5558), GSK3β (#12456), Akt (#4691), phospho-Akt (Ser473) (#4060), phospho-JNK (#9255), JNK (#9252), phospho-p38 (#4511), p38 (#8690), Ki-67(#9449), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (#4370), and ERK1/2 (#4695).
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8

Molecular Pathway Inhibition Analysis

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Deltarasin (S7224), BVD-523 (S7854), AZD6244 (S1008), and BMS-754807 (S1124) were obtained from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). ALW-II-41-27 was obtained from AbMole (Houston, TX, USA). The antibodies used in this study were as follows: antibodies against phospho-c-RAF (Ser338) (9427s), c-RAF (53745s), phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) (4370L), p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (4695s), phospho-AKT (Ser473) (4060s), AKT (4691s), phospho-p70 S6 kinase (Thr389) (9234s), p70 S6 kinase (2708s), phospho-EPHA2 (Tyr594) (3970s), phospho-EphA2 (Tyr588) (12677s), EPHA2 (6997s), IGF-I receptor β (3027s), phospho-IGF-I receptor β (Tyr1135) (3918s), phospho-WNK-1 (Thr60) (4946s), and phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (5558s) were all from Cell Signaling Technology (Cambridge, MA, USA). An antibody against KRAS (101667-T32) was purchased from Sino Biological, and an antibody against PDE6D (ab96825) was purchased from Abcam (Shanghai, China). GAPDH (60004-1-lg) was obtained from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).
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9

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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AS160 (#07-741), Flag (#F7425), α-tubulin (#T6074), and phospho-TBC1D1 Ser237 (#07-2268) antibodies were purchased from MerckMilliporeSigma. ACC (#3676), phospho-ACC1 Ser79 (#3661), Akt (#4691), phospho-Akt Ser473 (#4060), phospho-Akt Thr308 (#9275) AMPKα (#2532), phospho-AMPKα Thr172 (#2535), phospho-AS160 Thr649 (#8881), ERK1/2 (#4695), phospho-ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 (#4370), GSK3β (#9315), phospho-GSK3β Ser9 (#9322), HSP90 (#4874), p70S6K1 (#2708), phospho-p70S6K1 Thr389 (#9234), Raptor (#2280), phospho-Raptor Ser792 (#2083), TBC1D1 (#4629), ULK1 (#8054), phospho-ULK1 Ser555 (#5869), and vinculin (#13901) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of ECM-Detached Cell Lysates

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ECM-detached cells were harvested, washed once with cold PBS, and lysed in 1% Nonidet P-40 supplemented with protease inhibitors leupeptin (5 µg/mL), aprotinin (1 µg/mL), and PMSF (1 mM) and the Halt Phosphatase Inhibitor Mixture (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Lysates were collected after spinning for 30 min at 4 °C at 14,000 rpm and normalized by BCA Assay (Pierce Biotechnology, Waltham, MA, USA). Normalized lysates underwent SDS-PAGE and transfer/blotting was performed as previously described16 (link). Membranes were cut prior to incubation with primary antibodies when blotting for more than one target at a time. The following antibodies were used for western blotting: FLIP (Cell Signaling Technology, #56343), phospho-Akt (Ser473) (Cell Signaling Technology, #4060), GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technologies, #5174), β-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, #2146), β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich, #A1978), phospho-IκBα (Ser32/36) (Cell Signaling Technology, 9246s), phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (Cell Signaling Technology, 5558s), and c-myc (sigma M-5546). Original, unprocessed data are available in Supplemental Figs. 5, 6.
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