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23 protocols using anti cd34

1

Characterization and Differentiation of hADSCs

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Surface markers for hADSCs were evaluated using a mini Guava EasyCyte flow cytometer. 5x104 cells were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies, anti-CD105, anti-CD34, anti-STROI, anti-CD73, anti-CD45, anti-HLA-ABC, anti-HLA-DR (Invitrogen, Frederick, MD) for 30 min at 4°C in PBS and washed afterwards. Cell autofluorescence in channel F1 or F2 was subtracted to obtain a neat signal of each marker. 5x104 cells were plated for differentiation tests. Adipogenic differentiation was performed in StemPro adipogenesis-conditioned medium (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) for one week, replacing medium every 3 days. Lipid droplets were stained by using red oil staining for validating differentiation. StemPro osteogenesis-conditioned medium (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) was used for osteogenic differentiation for 11 days, replacing media every 48 hours. Extracellular calcium deposits were identified by Von Kossa staining. hADSCs cultured in DMEN were also stained as controls.
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2

Comprehensive Bone Marrow Cell Analysis

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Total BM cells were collected from two femurs and two tibias and flushed gently to analyze the hematopoietic cells. Dissociated BM cells were then washed with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in PBS. Cells were stained with any of the following antibodies for 20 min on ice: anti-CD16/32 (Invitrogen), lineage antibody cocktail-v450 (BD), anti-Sca-1 (Invitrogen, D7), anti-CD45 (BD, 30-F11), anti-CD45.1 (BD, A20 or Invitrogen, A20), anti-CD45.2 (Invitrogen, 104), anti-CD48 (Invitrogen, HM48-1), anti-CD150 (Invitrogen, 9D1 or BioLegend, TC15-12F12.2), anti-c-Kit (BioLegend, ACK2 or Invitrogen, ACK2), anti-CD34 (Invitrogen, RAM34), anti-CD41 (BioLegend, MWReg30), and anti-CD105 (BioLegend, MJ7/18). Goat anti-LepR-biotin polyclonal antibody (R&D Systems), Live/Dead dye (Invitrogen), anti-CD45 (BD, 30-F11), anti-Ter119 (Invitrogen, Ter119), anti-CD31 (BioLegend, MEC 13.3), and streptavidin (BD) were used to analyze the MSCs. Cells were then fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD) for 20 min during intracellular staining. Next, the cells were washed with Perm/Wash buffer (BD), incubated with rabbit anti-SCF polyclonal antibody (LSbio), and stained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen). Flow cytometry data were collected using LSR II (BD Biosciences), and the files were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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3

Synovial Tissue Analysis in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Closed Parker-Pearson needle synovial biopsy was performed on knees of 46 RA patients among the above patients at enrollment. At least 6 pieces of synovial tissue were obtained per patient to minimize sampling error [10 (link)]. All samples were immediately fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections (5 μm) were cut serially and mounted on adhesive glass slides. Sealed slides were stored at −20°C until staining.
Serial sections of synovial tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and a 3-step immunoperoxidase method which was shown in detail in our previous study [11 (link)]. Serial sections were stained with rabbit anti-human IgG antibody (Cell Marque Corporation, California, USA), rabbit anti-IgG4 monoclonal antibody (clone EP138, Epitomics, Inc., Burlingame, USA), and the following commercial antibody preparations (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA): anti-CD38 (clone SPC32, plasma cells), anti-CD3 (clone PS1, T cells), anti-CD20 (clone L26, B cell), anti-CD68 (clone KP1, macrophage-like synoviocytes and macrophages), and anti-CD34 (clone QBEnd/10, vascular endothelial cells). Tonsil tissues were used as positive control tissues in each staining run.
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4

Synovial Tissue Immunohistochemistry for RA

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Synovium was collected by closed Parker-Pearson needle biopsy from one actively inflamed knee joint in RA patient (Schumacher & Kulka, 1972 (link)). As described previously (Ma et al., 2014 (link); Zou et al., 2013 (link)), serial sealed sections of qualified synovial samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and also immunohistochemically stained with the commercial mouse monoclonal antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to standard staining protocols: anti-CD3 (clone PS1, T cells), anti-CD15 (clone My1, neutrophils), anti-CD20 (clone L26, B cells), anti-CD34 (clone QB End/10, vascular endothelial cells), anti-CD38 (clone SPC32, plasma cells), and anti-CD68 (clone KP1, macrophages). Irrelevant isotype was used as a negative control. Appropriate positive controls were included to rule out the possibility of an absence of staining due to technical failure.
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of hAMSCs

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To prepare the cells for immunofluorescence staining, hAMSCs were washed with 1x DPBS (Sigma, D5773) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (EMPROVE®, Germany, 1,040,051,000) for 5 min at 4 °C. The cells were then washed again with 1x DPBS and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton-X100 in 1x DPBS for 5 min at 4 °C. The following primary antibodies were used for staining: anti-CD44 (1:50), anti-CD73 (1:200), anti-CD90 (1:100), anti-CD105 (1:100), anti-CD34 (1:250), anti-CD11b (1:250), anti-CD19 (1:250), anti-CD45 (1:250), and anti-HLA-DR (1:250) (Invitrogen™). Differentiating cells were stained with Sarcomeric alpha actinin monoclonal antibody (EA-53) (Invitrogen, MAI-22863, 1:500) and Anti-Cardiac Troponin T (abcam, ab8295, 1:1000) primary antibodies, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L secondary antibody (abcam, ab150113, 1:1000), and DAPI (Biotium, 40043, 1:1000) to visualize nuclei. The antibodies were diluted in PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma, Germany, A2153) and cells were incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The cells were then washed with PBS. To observe the results of immunofluorescence staining in cardiac genes, we used Leica DM2500 Optical Microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany) equipped with a Canon EOS 7D camera (Canon, Japan). As part of the cardiac gene expression analysis, human cardiomyocytes (Promocell, C-12810) were used as positive control.
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6

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Vascular Smooth Muscle

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All of the samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Then 5 μm serial sections were generated and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry staining 9 (link),25 (link). Anti-Myh 11 (mouse monoclonal, 1:300 dilution, Novus Biologicals) and anti-α-SMA antibody (mouse monoclonal, 1:500 dilution, Abcam) were used to verify the smooth muscle origin. Anti-CD31 (mouse monoclonal, 1:250 dilution, Novus Biologicals) and anti-CD34 (rat monoclonal, 1:250 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific) antibodies were used to verify the vascular origin. The sections were heated in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.8) for antigen retrieval and the samples treated with primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4℃. Then the sections were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, followed by subsequent linking to horseradish peroxidase and substrate/chromogen reactions using an immunoperoxidase secondary detection kit (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Negative controls without primary antibodies were prepared to rule out non-specific labeling. The slides were observed using an Axioplan 2 microscope (Zeiss). The positive staining was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 5.1 software (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) in 8 different fields for each tissue sample.
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7

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Single Cells

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Single cells were collected with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) and then resuspended in cold PBS at a concentration of 5×106 cells/mL. Then, the cells were incubated in the dark on ice for 30 min using antibodies including anti-CD29, anti-CD34, anti-CD45, anti-CD73, anti-CD90, anti-CD105 and anti-CD146. All antibodies were purchased from BioLegend, Inc. Subsequently, cells were twice washed and 500 μL PBS resuspension for each sample. The study was performed by Becton-Dickinson Accuri C6 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). FlowJo (version 10.0.7 r2) was used for the data analysis.
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8

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Differentiation

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For the flow cytometric analysis of cell differentiation, cells were stained with anti-CD14 (BV785, clone M5E2, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-CD33 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-CD34 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and viability dye eFluor780 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA).
Cells were stained with viability dye eFluor506 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), and intracellular NOTCH1 expression was detected with anti-NOTCH1 (PE, clone mN1A, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) using the eBioscience Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. All measurements were performed with a BD LSRFortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and analyzed with FlowJo Version 10.8 (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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9

Multimarker Immunofluorescence Staining

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Cells were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA; Cat. No. 43368) solution for 5 minutes and washed using 1× Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Cat. No. 14190250). Subsequently, the cells were incubated with Super Block T20 (TBS) Blocking Buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Cat. No. 37536) for 30 minutes. Next, cells were incubated for 16 hours with a solution of primary antibody and Super Block. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-CA4 (R&D Systems; Cat. No. MAB21861), anti-CD34 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat. No. MA1-10202), anti-CDH5/VE-Cadherin (Abeam; Cat. No. ab33168), anti-CFH (Abeam; Cat. No. ab8842), anti-hTERT (Novus Biological; Cat. No. NB100-317), and anti-SV40 TAg (Abeam; Cat. No. abl6879). To detect primary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-mouse (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Cat. No. A21202), Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Cat. No. R37118), or Alexa Fluor 568 Donkey anti-Sheep (Thermo Scientific; Cat. No. A-21099) secondary antibodies were used. Cell nuclei were counterstained using DAPI (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Cat. No. 62248). Samples were imaged using a Leica DM 2500 SPE confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems).
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10

Multiparameter Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The following commercial antibodies were used: mouse hematopoietic lineage eFlour 450 cocktail, PerCP-Cy5.5-anti-CD45.1, FITC-anti-CD45.2, Alexa Fluor 700-anti-IL-7Rα, FITC-anti-Ly6A/E (Sca-1), PE-anti-CD117 (c-Kit), APC-eFluor780-anti-CD48, anti-CD3, anti-CD19, FITC-anti-CD11b, PE-anti-Gr1, FITC-anti-B220, Pecy5-anti-CD3ε, APC-anti-Flt3/CD135, anti-F4/80, anti-Gr-1, and anti-CD34 were purchased from eBioscience. PE-cy7-anti-CD150 was obtained from BioLegend. PerCP-Cy5.5–conjugated goat anti–rat IgG and APC-Cy7–conjugated goat anti–rabbit IgG were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Anti–β-actin was from Sigma-Aldrich. Antibodies against Insr-β, phosphorylated Insr-β (Tyr1150/1151), insulin, mTOR, Stat3, S727 phosphorylated Stat3, Y705 phosphorylated Stat3, S6K, and phosphorylated S6K were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Donkey anti–rabbit or anti–mouse secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488, 594, or 405 were purchased from Molecular Probes. HRP-conjugated secondary antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Propidium iodide (PI), Annexin-V, insulin, rapamycin, and streptozotocin (STZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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