The experimental procedures were approved by the Local Committee for Experimental Animal Research (Cantonal Veterinary Office Zurich, permission number: ZH090/2015) and performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. We confirm that the study was reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. Eight to ten weeks old female Nu/Nu rats (Charles River, Freiburg, Germany) were anesthetized by inhalation of 5% Isofluran (Baxter, Volketswil, Switzerland), and maintained by inhalation of 2.5% Isofluran via mask as described previously in39 (link),40 (link). The dermo-epidermal skin substitutes were transplanted on full-thickness skin wounds created on the back of the rats. Custom made surgical steel rings (diameter 2.6 cm) were sutured to the skin of rats, to prevent from wound closure. As a wound dressing, Silicon foil (Silon-SES, BMS, USA), a polyurethane sponge (Ligasano, Ligamed, Austria) and tape (Leukoplast, BSN medical, Germany) were applied. Dressing changes were made once per week. The animals were euthanized by CO2 three weeks after transplantation and skin grafts were excised and embedded in OCT compound for further analysis.
Isofluran
Manufactured by Baxter
Sourced in Germany, Switzerland, Sweden
Isofluran is a volatile liquid anesthetic used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in medical procedures. It is an inhalational anesthetic agent that provides quick and reliable anesthesia in a controlled manner. Isofluran has a low solubility in blood, allowing for rapid induction and recovery from anesthesia.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Pneumatic respiration sensor, by SA Instruments (2 mentions)
Gc agar, by BD (2 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hartley guinea pigs, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Euthasol, by Virbac (1 mentions)
Guinea pig chow no 5025, by Purina (1 mentions)
Ketalar, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Dormicum, by Roche (1 mentions)
Evita, by Dräger (1 mentions)
Calibrated microcapillary tube, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Metacam, by Boehringer Ingelheim (1 mentions)
Brain heart infusion broth, by BD (1 mentions)
Human transferrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Temgesic, by Merck & Co (1 mentions)
Midazolam, by B. Braun (1 mentions)
Luminometer, by Berthold Technologies (1 mentions)
Living image 4, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Lar 2, by Promega (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
34 protocols using isofluran
1
Transplantation of Skin Substitutes in Rats
2
In Vivo MRI Protocol for Metabolic Imaging
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All 1H/31P MR experiments were performed on a horizontal tomographic scanner with magnetic field intensity of 11.7 T (Bruker, Biospec 117/16 USR, Germany). Prior to MR examinations, the animals were fasted overnight. The animals were anaesthetized with gas anesthesia (Isofluran; Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, IL) using a Univentor 400 Anesthesia Unit (Univentor, Zejtun, Malta). The animal body temperature was maintained with a water circuit installed into the table bed of the tomographic scanner, which maintained the temperature of 30°C on its surface. A pneumatic respiration sensor (SA Instruments, Stony Brook, NY) was placed under the lower body part, which allowed to control the anesthesia depth.
3
Hartley and Strain 13 Guinea Pig Knee Joint Study
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Male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) Hartley guinea pigs of 2 months old were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Female strain 13 guinea pigs (n = 10) of 2 months old were obtained from Army Research Laboratory (Adelphi, MD). Animals were individually housed in 29 x 21 x 10 inch solid bottom cages. Guinea pig chow (No. 5025; Ralston Purina, Richmond, Indiana) and water were available ad libitum. By 12 months of age these guinea pigs were anaesthetized with 5% Isoflurane (Isofluran, Baxter, Deerfield, IL) inhalation and euthanized by administration of 300 mg/kg Euthasol (Virbac Animal Health, Ft. Worth, Texas) intraperitoneally. Hind limbs were collected and knee joints were dissected for examinations. This study was conducted according to the guidelines set forth by the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee of Carolinas Medical Center, which reviewed and approved the protocol.
4
General Anesthesia in Animal Study
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Premedication consisted of an intramuscular injection of ketamin hydrochloride (Ketalar; 20 mg/kg, Pfizer, Karlsruhe, Germany), xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun; 2.0 mg/kg, Bayer Schering AG, Leverkusen, Germany), atropine sulfate (Atropinsulfat; 0.05 mg/kg, Dr. G. Bichsel, Interlaken, Switzerland), and midazolam (Dormicum, Roche Pharma, Switzerland). General anesthesia was induced by intravenous (iv) injection of etomidate (Etomidat-Lipuro; 1 mg/kg, Braun). Anesthesia was maintained by continuous IV administration of fentanyl (Janssen-Cilag AG, Baar, Switzerland) and inhaled isofluran (1.5 %, Baxter AG, Volketswil, Switzerland). Oral intubation was performed (7.5 ET Tube, Portex, Hythe, UK) and the animals were mechanically ventilated (Evita, Dräger, Lübeck, Germany) in a volume-cycled ventilator with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg, an inspiratory oxygen concentration of 30 % and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 2 cm H2O.
5
NMRI Mice Thermoregulation Monitoring
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Outbred albino female NMRI mice (NMRI-F, Taconic Denmark) with a mean starting weight of 28.4 (SD: 2.4) grams were used. They were kept 4–8 mice per cage with unrestricted access to food and water. After one week of acclimatization, a temperature transponder unit (BMDS) was injected subcutaneously during short inhalation anaesthesia with Isofluran “Baxter”. Afterwards, the mice were moved to a biosafety level II facility and given another two days of recovery before inoculation.
6
Viral Injection of AdV-pTSHR-GcAMP3 in Mice
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AdV‐pTSHR‐GCaMP3 was made by previously established methods (Duale, Kasparov, Paton, & Teschemacher, 2005 ) that involved cloning the 5′‐flanking region of rat thyrotropin receptor gene (Ikuyama, Niller, Shimura, Akamizu, & Kohn, 1992 ) into a dual promoter construct (Liu, Paton, & Kasparov, 2008 ). In strict accordance with the Animals (1986) Scientific Procedures Act, male C57BL/6 mice aged between 8 and 12 weeks old were maintained under deep anaesthesia via inhalation of Isofluran (Baxter). The level of anaesthesia was verified by testing of paw and tail withdrawal reflexes. The animals were placed in a stereotaxic frame (Kopf). A small hole was drilled in the skull to permit injection (via a 5 μL calibrated microcapillary tube, Sigma) of AdV‐pTSHR‐GcAMP3 into the lateral ventricle (2.5 – 5 × 109 viral particles) at the stereotaxic coordinates: bregma 0 mm; midline – 0.72 mm; dorsal surface – 2.3 mm. After the procedure, a single injection of Metacam (Meloxicam) injectable (5 mg/ml; Boehringer Ingelheim) was given to the animal. The animals recovered for a week, and then acute slices were made, as described above.
7
Murine Intranasal Infection Model
8
Subcutaneous Implantation of Surgical Meshes in Rabbits
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For short-term implantation studies, six male New Zealand white rabbits (three for each mesh group) were used in this experiment. Every two rabbits were housed in a cage with free access to food pellets and drinking water. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of Isofluran (Baxter) through a small animal ventilator. Temgesic® (Schering-plough) (0.01 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly for additional pain relief. The BC-based meshes were cut into 1 × 3 cm pieces and sterilized with epoxyethane. The skin on the abdomen of the rabbits was shaved and disinfected with iodophor. The meshes were inserted into subcutaneous pockets on the abdomen of the rabbits without fixation. All rabbits were euthanized and subjected to necropsy one week after implantation surgery. Explants were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and sections through the approximate center of the implant site were taken and embedded in paraffin.
9
Anesthesia Protocol for Animal Study
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Intramuscular ketamine 15 mg/kg (Narcetan; Véloquinol, Ittigen, Switzerland), 1 mg of atropine (Atropin; Nycomed Pharma, Asker, Norway) and Midazolam 1 mg/kg (Midazolam B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) were used as premedication before the animal was cleaned and weighed. Mask inhalation of 4% Isofluran (Isofluran Baxter;Baxter, Irvine, CA) in 100% O2 was given before intubation. Gas anaesthesia throughout the experiment was maintained with Isoflurane and an alveolar concentration of 0.8–1.2% mixed with 45–65% oxygen. Deep anaesthesia was induced by an IV bolus of 0.1 mg/kg fentanyl (50 µg/ml Fentanyl-Hameln: Hameln Pharmaceuticals Gmbh, Hameln, Germany) and maintained with IV infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/h fentanyl and 0.3 mg/kg/h Midazolam. Respiratory rate was adjusted to achieve an Et CO2 between 3.5 and 6 KPa, monitored by a Capnomac Ultima (Datex, Helsinki, Finland). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate was monitored through a 20-gauge arterial catheter (BD Arterial Cannula with FloSwitch; Ohmeda, Swindon, UK) placed in the superficial femoral artery. Body temperature was maintained at 38.5 °C by a heating blanket. The urine production was monitored by a cystotomy and a 20 Ch Foley catheter.
10
Sleeve Gastrectomy and Duodenal Switch
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Surgeries were performed under general anaesthesia (Isofluran, Baxter Medical AB). SG was performed by resecting 75% of the glandular stomach along the greater curvature. DS was constructed by transecting the duodenum 1 cm to the pylorus, and a common channel was created by dividing the ileum 5 cm proximal to the ileocaecal junction. The distal limb of the ileum was anastomosed to the post-pyloric duodenum in an end-to-end manner, and the stump of the duodenum was closed with cross-suture. The distal anastomosis was performed by joining the distal biliopancreatic limb at 1 cm to the ileocaecal junction in an end-to-side manner.
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