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17 protocols using ef780

1

Differentiation and Cytokine Profiling of Human CD4+ T Cells

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Naive and memory human CD4+ T cells were cultured on anti-CD3 (clone OKT3, 10 μg/mL; BioXCell) and anti-CD28 (clone 9.3, 2 μg/mL; BioXCell) coated plates with 20 U/mL IL-2 in RPMI 1640 (Lonza), supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS (BioSera), penicillin/streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine (both Lonza), 2-mercapto-ethanol (Gibco), HEPES buffer (Lonza), 100 mM sodium pyruvate (Gibco), and and 1% nonessential amino acids (Sigma). Cells were split and media replenished as necessary.
Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were cultured with autologous irradiated APCs (CD4 cells) at a 1:5 ratio, with 100 U/mL IL-2 and 1 μg/mL anti-CD3 (OKT3) in X-VIVO 15 media (Lonza), supplemented with 5% human AB serum (Sigma), penicillin/streptomycin, and L-glutamine. GSK-3 inhibitors were added as above and cells were split as necessary. To determine cytokine production, on day 7 of T-cell culture, cells were stimulated with PMA (50 ng/mL) and ionomycin (1 μg/mL) for 4 h, in the presence of Golgi Stop. Cells were stained with fixable viability dye ef780 (eBioscience) and surface-stained with anti-CD4 Alexa700. Following fixation and permeabilization, intracellular staining for anti-IL-10 ef660, anti-IFNγ PerCPCy5.5, anti-IL-17A PE, and anti-IL-4 FITC (all eBioscience) was carried out.
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2

Phenotyping Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

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Fresh PBMCs from lithium-heparinised blood were isolated using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. After collection, PBMCs were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until further use. PBMCs were thawed according to protocol and then stained with fixable viability dye eF780 (eBioscience) for 10 min at 4 °C. Then, the cells were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CCR9, CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS, CD27 and CD45RO for 25 min at 4 °C (details of the antibodies used can be found in Supplementary Table S1). Fluorescence minus one (FMO) controls were taken along to check marker expression. All samples were acquired on a BD LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences) using BD FACSDiva software v.8.0.1. (BD Biosciences). FlowJoTM v10.8 Software (BD Life Sciences) was used for data analysis.
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3

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Signatures

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Cells were stimulated with medium containing PMA (5ng/mL), ionomycin (500 ng/mL), and GolgiStop (BD Biosciences) for 3 h at 37°C. Cells were stained with fixable viability dye ef780 (eBioscience) and then surface-stained with anti-CD4 Alexa700. Following incubation with IC fixation buffer (eBioscience), cells were stained intracellularly with anti-IFN-γ PECy7, anti-IL-10 allophycocyanin, anti-IL-17A PE, and/ or anti-IL-4 PE (all eBioscience). For intracellular transcription factor staining, cells were fixed by incubation with the FoxP3 Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience). The antibodies anti-CD4 FITC, anti-Nfil3 PE, and anti-c-Maf ef660 and their corresponding isotype controls (all eBioscience) were used. Fluorescence intensity was measured on a BD LSR II flow cytometer and analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star Inc.) software. FACS gating strategy is shown in Supporting Information Method 1.
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4

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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Single cell suspensions were blocked with Fc-Block (BioXCell) in FACS buffer and surface stained with the following monoclonal antibodies: CD4 (Biolegend, RM4-5), CD8 (eBioscience, 53-6.7), CD19 (6D5, Biolegend), CD25 (BD, PC61), CD44 (eBioscience, IM7), CD62L (MEL-14, eBioscience), CD90.2 (eBioscience, 53–2.1), γδTCR (eBioscience, eBioGL3), Gr-1 (BD, RB6-8C5), F4/80 (eBioscience, BM8). To exclude dead cells, cells were also stained with the fixable viability dye ef780 (eBioscience).
For Treg stainings, cells were fixed and permeabilized according to the PE anti-mouse/rat Foxp3 staining set (eBioscience) and intracellularly stained for Foxp3 (eBioscience, FJK-16s) and CTLA4 (BD, UC10-4F10-11). The cells were acquired with the FACS Canto II (BD Pharmingen) and analyzed with FlowJo Version 8.87. Cells were usually pregated for a lymphocyte gate, singlets and living cells.
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5

Intracellular Cytokine and Phospho-Protein Analysis

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Intracellular cytokine staining was performed as previously described [5 ]. Cell viability was determined with fixable viability dye eF660 or eF780 from eBioscience. The following antibodies were used: anti-IFN-γ (XMG1.2), anti-IL-17a (TC11-18H10.1), anti-CD4 (RM4–5), and anti-CD4 (GK1.5) (Biolegend). Cells from OT2 TCROVA recipients were stained with anti-CD45.2 (104)(Biolegend) and anti-CD45.1 (A20) (BD).
For phospho flow cytometry, cells were fixed for 7 min in 0.4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature and stained with fixable viability dye. After at an additional 7 mins in 4% paraformaldehyde the cells were permeablized in 90% methanol for 20 mins at 4°C. Cells were then stained with antibodies to pY701-STAT1 (58D6), pY705-STAT3 (D3A7), pS9-GSK3β (D85E12), pS473-AKT (D9E), pS235/236-S6 (D57.2.2E), Ku80 and/or β catenin (L54E2)(from Cell Signaling) and anti-CD4. Other reagents used as needed were goat anti-rabbit 488 (Jackson Immunoresearch), anti-RORγ(AFKJS-9, eBioscience), anti-RORγ (B2D) (eBioscience), anti-Tbet (4B10)(Biolegend). Tyramide amplification of pS473-AKT was performed using the kit (Molecular Probes). All samples were analyzed using a BD Facs Calibur or BD LSR2 and analyzed with FlowJo software.
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6

Tetramer-based Detection of PyMT-specific T Cells

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PyMT peptides (MT107-115, MT241-250, MT288-296) were folded into H-2Dq tetramers with human β2m and conjugated to PE. Tetramers were kindly provided by the NIH Tetramer Core Facility (Emory University, Atlanta, GA). Splenocytes from PyMT-vaccinated mice or MMTV-PyMT tumor bearing mice were harvested as described above. One million cells were stained with fixable viability dye (eF780, eBiosciences) in PBS for 30 minutes at 4ºC. Cells were washed and incubated with tetramers (1:100 dilution) for 30ʹ at room temperature, then incubated for 30ʹ at 4ºC with the following antibodies (eBiosciences): anti-mouse Fc block, anti-CD8α (eF450, clone 53–6.7), CD3ϵ (FITC, clone 145-2C11), CD62L (APC, clone MEL-14), CD44 (PE-Cy7, clone IM7). Additionally, for compensation in the tetramer+ PE channel, anti-CD8α PE was used. Flow cytometry data was acquired with a 3-laser S1200Ex flow cytometer (Stratedigm). Each experiment included single-stained compensation controls and fluorescence-minus one (FMO) staining for the PE channel. Compensation and data analysis were conducted with FlowJo v10 (Tree Star, Inc.).
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7

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Tendon Cell Markers

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After harvest, tendon cells were washed twice in cell staining buffer (CSB) (BioLegend) and blocked for 15 minutes at room temperature (RT) in 20% human FcR blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotech) diluted in CSB. All dead cells were excluded from analysis using fixable viability dye ef780 (1:1000 dilution) (eBioscience). Cells were stained in a buffer containing 20% FcR blocking reagent diluted in CSB at RT for 30 minutes. Antibody and isotype cocktails were prepared as indicated in Table 2. After washing, cells were fixed using Cytofix fixation buffer (BD Biosciences) for 20 minutes at RT. Flow cytometry was performed on a BD LSR Fortessa instrument calibrated daily with BD cytometer setup and tracking beads. Analysis of data was carried out using FlowJo software (Treestar).

Antibodies used for flow cytometry

AntibodyCatalogue numberClone
PDPN Alexa Fluor 488 anti-human337005 BioLegendNC08
Alexa Fluor 488 Rat IgG2aκ isotype400525 BioLegendRTK2758
CD248 Alexa Fluor 647 anti-human564994 BD BiosciencesB1/35
Alexa Fluor 647 mouse IgG1κ isotype557714 BD BiosciencesMOPC-21
CD106 PE anti-human305806 BioLegendSTA
PE mouse IgG1κ isotype400112 BioLegendMOPC-21
CD34 PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-human343521 BioLegend581
PerCP/Cy5.5 mouse IgG1κ isotype400149 BioLegendMOPC-21
CD45 BV605 anti-human304041 BioLegendH130
BV605 mouse IgG1κ isotype400161 BioLegendMOPC-21

All antibodies were diluted 1:50 for staining

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8

PARP Isoform Expression in U87MG Cells

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Relative expression of PARP isoforms was determined using flow cytometry in U87MG cells after exposure to unlabelled olaparib. U87MG cells (1 × 106 cells/well) were seeded in 96-well plates and exposed to olaparib (final concentration: 0–1 μM in 200 μL growth medium) for 3 h at 37 °C. Cells were washed with FACS buffer (PBS, 2% FBS, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% NaN3) and centrifugation at 500 × g for 5 min. Immunostaining was performed using the Foxp3/transcription factor staining buffer set (eBioscience™, USA). Intracellular staining was conducted in permeabilisation buffer for 30 min at 4 °C in the dark separately using the following antibodies: AF488-conjugated anti-PARP-1 (1:100; sc-80070), AF594-conjugated anti-PARP-2 (1:100; sc-393310) and AF488-conjugated anti-PARP-3 (1:100; sc-390771) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. Fixable viability dye ef780 (1:4000; eBioscience™; 65-0865-14) was used for live and dead cells discrimination. Fixation of immunostained cells was performed for 15 min at room temperature. Flow cytometry was conducted on the CytoFLEX benchtop flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA), with appropriate laser and filters, positive and negative controls. Data were analysed using FlowJo™ (Tree Star Inc., BD Biosciences, USA).
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9

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells

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We washed the cells with cold PBS and incubated them with fixable viability dye eF780 (eBioscience) at room temperature for 10 minutes. We then transferred the cells to V‐bottomed plates (Greiner Bio‐One) and allowed cells to incubate for 30 minutes at 4°C in the dark with the surface‐staining antibodies (Supplementary Table 3, available on the Arthritis & Rheumatology website at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.42319). Next, we washed the cells in fluorescence‐activated cell sorting buffer (1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% sodium azide in PBS) and then fixed/permeabilized the cells for 30 minutes at 4°C in the dark with 100 μl fixation/permeabilization concentrate and diluent (catalog nos. 00‐5123‐43 and 00‐5223‐56, eBioscience); this step was followed by intracellular staining. After 60 minutes of staining at 4°C in the dark, cells were washed and measured on the BD LSRFortessa with 4 lasers (405, 488, 561, and 635 nm) using FACSDiva software version 8.0.1. We analyzed the resulting files using FlowJo.
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10

Multiparametric Identification of MAIT Cells

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PBMCs from all donors were thawed and stained with fixable viability dye eF780 (eBioscience), after which the cells were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD161, CCR9, CXCR5, TCRVα7.2, IL-7Rα (CD127), and IL-18Rα (CD218α). For intracellular staining after overnight stimulation cells were fixed/permeabilized using Fixation/Permeabilization Concentrate and Diluent (Cat #00-5123-43, #00-5223-56, eBioscience) according to manufacturer’s protocol. In this panel IL-7Rα and IL-18Rα were replaced with IL-21 and IFN-γ. Details of used antibodies can be found in Supplementary Table 1. All samples were acquired on a BD LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences) using BD FACSDiva software v.8.0.1 (BD Biosciences). For data analysis FlowJoTM Software v10.8 (BD Life Sciences) was used. MAIT cells were defined using either CD161+ or IL-18Rα+, combined with TCRVα7.2+ CD3 cells. Gating of MAIT cells (CD161+ and IL-18Rα+ in combination with TCRVα7.2+) within CD4/CD8 populations is shown in Supplementary Figure 1.
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