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6 protocols using lipozyme tl 100l

1

Enzymatic Modification of DHA-Rich Algal Oil

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Phosphatidylcholine (PC>98%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE>80%) and phosphatidylserine (PS>50%) was purchased from Merya’s lecithin co., ltd. (Beijing, China). Refined DHA-rich algal oil from Schizochytrium sp. (DHA ≥60%) was kindly provided by Qingdao Xunon Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). DHA and DHA-ME were prepared from algal oil. The 37 kinds of fatty acid methyl ester standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Norcross, GA). Lipozyme®CALB L (from Candida antarctica, CALB), Lipozyme® TL 100 L (from Thermomyces lanuginosus, TL100), Novocor®AD L (from Candida antarctica, ADL) Novozym®51,032 (from Aspergillus oryzae, 51,032), Resinase®HT (from Aspergillus oryzae, HT), Lecitase® Ultra (from Thermomyces lanuginosus/Fusarium oxysporum, PLA1), Novozym®435 (from Candida antarctica, 435), and Lipozyme®TL IM (from Thermomyces lanuginosus, IM) were purchased from Novozymes Biotechnology Co., LTD. (Tianjin, China). The thin-layer chromatography plates coated with silica gel G were purchased from Qingdao Ocean Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Other chemicals and solvents applied were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) with chromatographic and analytical grade.
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2

Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification of Refined Olive Oil

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Refined olive oil (Oliva de Los Andes Premium) with 0.2 wt% of acidity was purchased from a local market and used as feedstock. Free liquid lipase from genetically modified Thermomyces lanuginosus microorganism (commercially named as Lipozyme TL 100L) with a nominal enzymatic activity of 100 LCLU•g -1 and kindly provided by Novozymes Latin America LTDA (Araucária, Brazil) was used as biocatalyst. Glycerol and n-butanol (99.5 % purity, Alphatec, São Paulo, Brazil), Tween 80 PS surfactant (analytical grade, Dynamica, Indaiatuba, Brazil) were the chemicals used in the assays. Standards used in the HPLC analysis (Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil): linoleic acid (97 % purity), oleic acid (> 99 % purity), monopalmitic acid (> 99 % purity), dilinoleic acid (98 % purity), glycerol trioleic (> 99 % purity) and trilinoleic glycerol (98 % purity). Acetonitrile (99.9 % purity, Merck, São Paulo, Brazil) and acetone (99.8 % Merck, São Paulo, Brazil) were used in the chromatographic analysis.
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3

Enzymatic Modification of Tuna Oil

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Tuna oil was kindly provided by Nu-Mega Co., Ltd. (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia); selective lipase NovoCoL (ADL) and Lipozyme® TL 100 L (TL 100 L) were obtained from Novozymes. Isopropanol, acetonitrile, methanol, and ammonium acetate were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. and were chromatographical grade; all other reagents and chemicals were analytical grade.
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4

Enzymatic Activation of Chicken Fat

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Example 5

Hydrolysis and Activation of Chicken Fat: Methods and Results

Enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken fat was carried out after the addition of 10 wt % water and 0.3 wt % lipase (Lipozyme TL 100L from Novozymes) to the fat, mixing and incubation at 45° C. for 2 hours in a temperature controlled reaction vessel. Spice catalysts were then added to the hydrolyzed chicken fat. The mixture was then thermally treated at 140° C. for up to 3 hours. Thereafter, the mixture, i.e. the activated fat composition was cooled to room temperature.

The results indicated that the experiments with hydrolyzed chicken fat resulted in higher levels of fat activation due to the presence of free fatty acid. The p-AV values at the end of 3 hours were about doubled compared to the non-hydrolyzed samples. The results are shown in Table IV and FIG. 3.

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5

Immobilized Lipase Catalyzed Esterification

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Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB), ethanol and hexane were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo). High-oleic sunflower oil (HOS-oil) was purchase at a local food-shop. Lewatit VP OC 1600 (methacrylate porous resin containing divinyl benzene –DVB– groups) was purchased from Bayer (Leverkusen, Germany) (Lewatit DVB). Sepabeads EC-OD (methacrylate resin containing octadecyl –C18– groups) was obtained from Resindion S.R.L.-Mitsubishi (Milan, Italy) (Sepabeads C18). Purolite Lifetech™ ECR8806F (methacrylate macroporous resin containing octadecyl –C18– groups) (Purolite C18) and Purolite Lifetech™ ECR1030M (methacrylate macroporous resin containing divinyl benzene –DVB– groups) (Purolite DVB) were kindly donated from Purolite Ltd. (Wales, UK). Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL 100 L) (TLL) and commercial immobilized TLL (Lipozyme TL IM) were generously donated by Novozymes (Denmark). All reagents and solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade.
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6

Enzymatic Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Solvents

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Thermomyces lanuginosus solution (Lipozyme® TL 100L) was from Novozymes (Copenhagen, Denmark). Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, sodium acetate and hydrogen peroxide (33%, H2O2) were from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Graphite flakes, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium borohydride, Rhodamine B (RhB), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, tetrahydrofurane (THF) and dioxane (98%) were from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Tween-80, dodecyl sulphate sodium (85%), Mercaptoethanol and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
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