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Fitc and tritc filters

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FITC and TRITC filters are optical filters used in fluorescence microscopy. FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate) filters are designed to isolate the green emission of fluorescein-labeled samples, while TRITC (Tetramethylrhodamine Isothiocyanate) filters are used to isolate the red emission of rhodamine-labeled samples. These filters allow for the selective visualization of specific fluorophores in a sample.

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5 protocols using fitc and tritc filters

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of Corin-Treated Cells

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Glass coverslips were placed into 6-well plates, and 50,000 cells were plated in each well. Cells were treated with DMSO control or 100 nM or 1 μM corin for 72 hours. Media were aspirated and cells were fixed to slides with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 minutes. Slides were then washed twice with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS. Blocking solution (10% goat serum in PBS with 0.25% Triton X-100) was added for 30 minutes, followed by primary antibodies (Supplemental Table 13) diluted in blocking solution at 1:500, incubated at 4°C overnight. The next day, slides were washed twice with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS. Secondary antibodies were FITC-conjugated donkey anti–rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 594–conjugated donkey anti–rabbit IgG, and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated goat anti–mouse IgG1 (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Isotype-matched rabbit, mouse, or rat Ig was used in place of the primary antibody for the control. Sections were mounted with VECTASHIELD containing DAPI (H-1800, Vector Laboratories) and examined under a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope equipped with FITC and TRITC filters (Nikon) and a Mercury 100W lamp (Chiu Technical Corp.).
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2

Quantifying Melanoma Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry

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Frozen melanoma xenograft sections were subjected to double immunofluorescence using standard procedures (29 (link)). The primary antibodies used in this study are rabbit anti-hCD144 (human-specific; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-hCD133 (human-specific; Miltenyi Biotech Inc.), rabbit anti-hCD271 (human-specific; Alomone Labs) and rat anti-mCD31 (mouse-specific; BD Biosciences). The secondary antibodies employed are FITC-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG, AlexaFluor 594-conjugated donkey anti-rat IgG, and AlexaFluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG1 (Invitrogen) antibodies. Isotype-matched rabbit, mouse or rat immunoglobulin was used in place of the primary antibody for control. Sections were mounted with VectaShield containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and examined under a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope equipped with FITC and TRITC filters (Nikon) and a Mercury-100W lamp (Chiu Technical Corporation). Host angiogenesis (mCD31+) was quantified by measuring luminal area or number of tubules per field (40 ×) using ImageJ software, and data were analyzed using the Student t test. Quantification of human melanoma–derived VM channels was performed by measuring the hCD144+ area per field (100 ×) using ImageJ software, and data were analyzed using the Student t test.
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3

Melanoma Xenograft Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry

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Consecutive frozen melanoma xenograft sections were subjected to double indirect immunofluorescence according to standard protocols. The primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-human CD144 (Cell Signaling Technology) at 1:100, biotinylated anti-human CD133 (Miltenyl Biotec Inc.) at 1:20, rabbit anti-human CD271 (Alomone) at 1:100, and rat anti-mouse CD31 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) at 1:50. The secondary antibodies used were FITC-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Accurate Chemical & Scientific Corporation, Westbury, NY) at 1:100, FITC-conjugated mouse anti-biotin IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch) at 1:100, and TRITC-goat anti-rat igG (Jackson Immunoresearch) at 1:100. For control, isotype-matched immunoglobins (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) were used in place of the primary antibody. Sections were mounted with Vectashield containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and examined under a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope (Melville, NY) equipped with FITC and TRITC filters (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and a Mercury-100W lamp (Chiu Technical Corporation, Kings Park, NY). Host angiogenesis (mCD31+) and human melanoma-derived VM channels (hCD144+) were quantified as measured by luminal area per field (100×) using Image J software, and data was analyzed using the Student t test.
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4

Competition Assay for VHH Epitope Mapping

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Competition experiments were designed to determine whether two unique VHHs compete for the same epitope. For this application, VHHs were expressed with different epitope tags, specifically myc and E-tag. Briefly, sporozoite samples were prepared on glass slides, fixed, dried and blocked as described above. Sporozoites were then probed simultaneously with two unique VHHs, each with a different tag, such that the concentration of a myc-tagged VHH exceeded that of an E-tagged VHH by 10-fold, and vice versa. Binding of an E-tagged VHH was detected with anti-E-tag FITC conjugate at 1:100 dilution. Binding of a myc-tagged VHH was detected by subsequent probing with the 9E10 anti-myc mAb at 10 μg/mL, followed by anti-mouse IgG Alexa Fluor 568 Ab at 1:500 dilution. Same frame fluorescent micrographs were obtained at constant exposure using FITC and TRITC filters (Nikon Instruments Inc). Corresponding images were color-merged using ImageJ 1.48v software (Rasband, 2018).
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5

Quantifying Melanoma Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry

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Frozen melanoma xenograft sections were subjected to double immunofluorescence using standard procedures (29 (link)). The primary antibodies used in this study are rabbit anti-hCD144 (human-specific; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-hCD133 (human-specific; Miltenyi Biotech Inc.), rabbit anti-hCD271 (human-specific; Alomone Labs) and rat anti-mCD31 (mouse-specific; BD Biosciences). The secondary antibodies employed are FITC-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG, AlexaFluor 594-conjugated donkey anti-rat IgG, and AlexaFluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG1 (Invitrogen) antibodies. Isotype-matched rabbit, mouse or rat immunoglobulin was used in place of the primary antibody for control. Sections were mounted with VectaShield containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and examined under a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope equipped with FITC and TRITC filters (Nikon) and a Mercury-100W lamp (Chiu Technical Corporation). Host angiogenesis (mCD31+) was quantified by measuring luminal area or number of tubules per field (40 ×) using ImageJ software, and data were analyzed using the Student t test. Quantification of human melanoma–derived VM channels was performed by measuring the hCD144+ area per field (100 ×) using ImageJ software, and data were analyzed using the Student t test.
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