Anti phosphorylated smad3 psmad3

The protein was extracted from the cultured cells. Primary antibodies were anti-SMAD3 (total SMAD3) and anti-phosphorylated SMAD3 (pSMAD3) (all purchased from Cell Signaling, San Jose, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies were HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit, and were all purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs (West Grove, PA, USA).

Reagents and kits were purchased/obtained as follows: atorvastatin calcium tablets (Pfizer Inc., Dalian, China); hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (Biosharp Life Sciences, Hefei, China); Oil Red O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and TG assay kits (Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology, Nanjing, China); SYBR Green supermix (Bio-Rad, CA, Berkeley, USA); anti-mouse-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-rabbit-HRP antibodies (Promega, Madison, WI, USA); anti-CD68 antibodies (Boster Biological Technology Co, Ltd., Wuhan, China); anti-Toll-like receptor (TLR), anti-E-cadherin and anti-peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma antibodies (Proteintech Group, Inc., Rosemont, PA, USA); anti-adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), anti-Smad2/3, and anti-phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., MA, Boston, USA; Affinity Biosciences LTD, OH, Columbus USA); anti-zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) antibodies (Affinity Biosciences LTD, OH, USA); anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), anti-β-actin, and anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibodies (Boster Biological Technology Co, Ltd., Wuhan, China).