Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were purchased from Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology (Beijing, China). Mice were housed on a 12 h light-dark cycle at 21–25 °C with 30–70% humidity and allowed free access to food and water except as noted. Mice were randomly assigned to experimental groups. For the bexarotene experiment, eight-week-old mice were orally gavaged daily with 100 mg/kg/day of bexarotene (S2098, Selleck) or 10% DMSO/90% corn oil vehicle three days before the procedure. The mice continued to be treated with bexarotene daily for two days after injury.
Bexarotene
Manufactured by Selleck Chemicals
Sourced in United States
Bexarotene is a chemical compound used in various laboratory research applications. It functions as a selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist. Bexarotene is commonly utilized in cell-based assays and other experimental studies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Uvi3003, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gw9662, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Cellmax (1 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Att 20 d16v f2, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Att20, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Oss 128167, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Heparin sodium, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
3 isobutyl 1 methylxanthine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Insulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using bexarotene
1
Bexarotene Administration in C57BL/6 Mice
2
Therapeutic Compounds for Post-SAH Treatment
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Drug preparation and administration were previously described by Zhong et al.28 (link) Briefly, 20 mg bexarotene (Selleck, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in 5.7 ml
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 51.3 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was added to the
mixture. Similarly, 10 mg GW9662 (Selleck), an inhibitor of PPARγ was dissolved in 3.6 ml
DMSO, and PBS (32.4 ml) was added to the mixture. A total of 10 mg of MK886 (Selleck), an
antagonist of FLAP was dissolved in 2.1 ml DMSO, and 18.9 ml PBS was added to the mixture.
The final concentrations of GW9662, MK886 and bexarotene were the same (1 mM). The
solution was injected intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg bexarotene, 2 mg/kg GW9662, and 3 mg/kg
MK886 per day after SAH. The vehicle group solution was prepared in the same manner and
administered in the same volume, same route and same time course as above. These reagents
were used immediately after SAH and continued to be used once a day until the rats were
euthanized.
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 51.3 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was added to the
mixture. Similarly, 10 mg GW9662 (Selleck), an inhibitor of PPARγ was dissolved in 3.6 ml
DMSO, and PBS (32.4 ml) was added to the mixture. A total of 10 mg of MK886 (Selleck), an
antagonist of FLAP was dissolved in 2.1 ml DMSO, and 18.9 ml PBS was added to the mixture.
The final concentrations of GW9662, MK886 and bexarotene were the same (1 mM). The
solution was injected intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg bexarotene, 2 mg/kg GW9662, and 3 mg/kg
MK886 per day after SAH. The vehicle group solution was prepared in the same manner and
administered in the same volume, same route and same time course as above. These reagents
were used immediately after SAH and continued to be used once a day until the rats were
euthanized.
3
Retinoid Compound Preparation Protocol
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ATRA (Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI, USA), AM80 (Tocris, Ellisville, MS, USA), and bexarotene (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and stock solutions and stored at −80°C. Retinoids were protected from light during handling.
4
Culturing Pituitary Corticotroph Cells
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The mouse anterior pituitary corticotroph adenoma cell line AtT‐20/D16v‐F2 was purchased from ATCC, while COS‐7 cell line was purchased from Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences. AtT‐20 cells and COS‐7 cells were cultured in DMEM (ATCC, 30‐2002) media supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Cellmax, Peking, China) and penicillin‐streptomycin. The cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 atmosphere. Bexarotene, ATRA, and dexamethasone (DEX) were obtained from Selleck and stored at −80°C. Corticotropin‐releasing factor human (CRH) was obtained from MCE and stored at −80°C.
5
Bexarotene Attenuates SAH Injury
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Bexarotene (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, USA) was diluted in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Administered 1 h after SAH by i.p injection, three different doses (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 45 mg/kg) were evaluated. The SAH + vehicle group received an equal volume of 10% DMSO. The RXR inhibitor UVI3003 (75 μg/rat, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or selective SIRT6 antagonist OSS128167 (100 μg/rat, Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX) dissolved in 10% DMSO was injected by i.c.v route at 1 h before SAH. The same volume of 10% DMSO was injected via i.c.v in SAH + Bexa + vehicle group.
6
Adipogenic Differentiation Reagents
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Alitretinoin was bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Bexarotene and heparin sodium were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). UVI3003, dexamethasone (DEX), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and insulin were obtained from Sigma Company (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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