Two types of the bacterial symbiont, Photorhabdus, were isolated from the two entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica (HRM1), isolated from Alexandria, Northern Egypt, and Heterorhabditis sp. (HS1), isolated from Ras-Sidr in South Sinai of Eastern Egypt, as detailed in (El-Sadawy et al. 2016 ). Briefly, bacteria were isolated from their symbiotic nematodes according to Woodring and Kaya (1988) . For each subculture, the phase status was determined by culturing on NBTA agar [2.3% nutrient agar (Difco), 0.0025% bromothymol blue (Merck), 0.004% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (Merck)]. Phase I colonies are blue on NBTA while phase II colonies are red. Twenty infective nematode juveniles were surface sterilized for 10min in 1.0% sodium hypochlorite, washed in sterile distilled water, transferred to a Petri dish containing 5ml of TSBYE [3% tryptic Soy broth (Difco), 0.5% yeast extract (Difco)], and grinded using grinder pistol. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for 24h and streaked on NBTA plates [2.3% nutrient agar (Difco), 0.0025% bromothymol blue (Merck), 0.004% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (Merck)]. The presence of Photorhabdus colonies was confirmed by dye adsorption on NBTA plates, production of luminescence, and antibiotic activity. The isolated bacteria were then maintained on NBTA plates at 10 °C and subcultured weekly.
Bromothymol blue
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain
Bromothymol blue is a pH indicator dye used in laboratories. It exhibits different colors in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, making it useful for pH testing and determination.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Thymol blue, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Phenolphthalein, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
M cresol purple, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Phenol red, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Bromocresol green, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methyl red, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Magnesium sulfate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vitek ms, by bioMérieux (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Macconkey agar, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Congo red, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methyl orange, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naproxen, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bisphenol a, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Atrazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Atenolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
35 protocols using bromothymol blue
1
Isolation and Characterization of Photorhabdus Symbionts
2
Kombucha SCOBY Cultivation Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Kombucha SCOBY (symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast) was obtained from Sri Dhanvanthiri Probiotics Ltd., Kodaikanal, India (True Brew Kombucha tea). Sodium chloride, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, di sodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, citric acid, bromothymol blue and oxidase test disks (product no: 70439) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetic acid and agar were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Glucose and casein amino acids were purchased from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Tryptone, peptone and yeast extract were from Lab M Limited (Heywood, UK). Ethanol was from Altia Oyj (Helsinki, Finland). Cycloheximide (Product no: C7698), and cellulase from Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26921 (product no: C2730) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Crude glycerol was generously provided by Perstorp AB (Malmo, Sweden).
3
Cultivation of Photorhabdus heterorhabditis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Photorhabdus heterorhabditis strain ETL conserved in glycerol stocks at −80 °C was reconstituted in nutrient agar (NA) (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), supplemented with 0.025% bromothymol blue (MerckMillipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and 0.004% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (PanReac AppliChem, Barcelone, Spain), and MacConkey agar (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Analytical Protocols for Polyphenol Identification
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sodium potassium l (+)-tartrate tetrahydrate was obtained from VWR Chemicals (Vienna, Austria). Potassium iodide was obtained from BDH Prolabo Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). Iodine, sodium hydroxide (1 and 0.1 M), sodium thiosulfate (0.1 M) and sodium hydroxide pellets were obtained from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Sulphuric acid (96%), starch (p.a., soluble) and phenolphthalein were obtained from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Bromothymol blue was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). (+)-Catechin, (-)-epicatechin, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), 3-hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, naringenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, pinobanksin, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gallic acid was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Tewksbury, MA, USA). Ferulic acid and resveratrol were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Honeywell research chemicals (Charlotte, NC, USA) supplied ethanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade). Sigma-Aldrich supplied formic acid (LC-MS grade), ultrapure water (LC-MS grade) and ethanol (96%).
5
Colorimetric pH Indicator Array
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Phenol red, o-cresol red, thymol blue, m-cresol purple, methyl orange, Congo red, bromocresol green, chloroPhenol red, bromothymol blue, alizarin red S, alizarin yellow R and Clayton yellow were of analytical reagent grade, purchased from Merck. HNO3, NaH2PO4, NaNO3, citric acid, Na2HPO4, NaHCO3, NaOH, MES buffer, PIPES buffer, and EPPS buffer were reagent grade were purchased from Merck. SoarnoL™ D2908 (29% ethylene content, Melt Flow Rate 8.0) was provided by Nippon Gohsei Europe GmbH. Thionyl chloride solution 1 M in dichloromethane, sodium hydroxide in pellets, nitric acid, phosphate buffer, dimethylacetamide (DMA), and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased by Alfa Aesar.
Pictures of the array were taken by a NIKON COOLPIX S6200 portable camera; a portable led light box (23 cm × 23 cm × 23 cm) was used to guarantee the reproducibility of the photos (PULUZ, Photography Light Box, Shenzhen Puluz Technology Ltd.). UV–Vis spectra were recorded by a Jasco V-750 spectrophotometer, and pH measurements were performed by a pH-meter (Mettler Toledo mod. SevenMulti) equipped with a combined glass electrode (InLab Pro, Mettler Toledo S.p.A., Milan, Italy).
Pictures of the array were taken by a NIKON COOLPIX S6200 portable camera; a portable led light box (23 cm × 23 cm × 23 cm) was used to guarantee the reproducibility of the photos (PULUZ, Photography Light Box, Shenzhen Puluz Technology Ltd.). UV–Vis spectra were recorded by a Jasco V-750 spectrophotometer, and pH measurements were performed by a pH-meter (Mettler Toledo mod. SevenMulti) equipped with a combined glass electrode (InLab Pro, Mettler Toledo S.p.A., Milan, Italy).
6
Intelligent Antimicrobial Food Packaging
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The beef tenderloin was purchased fresh at the slaughterhouse, Tamangapa Raya Antang. Meanwhile, garlic, as an anti-microbial compound in the activated paper, was purchased from supermarkets. Bromothymol blue (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, CAS No: 76-59-5) and phenol red (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, CAS No. 34487-61-1) color indicators in intelligent packaging were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Mueller Hinton Agar (Oxoid, CM0405) and Nutrient Agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). This research also uses Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), chitosan food grade (YXchuang, Cina), Tween® 80 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), corn starch, 96% glacial acetic acid (Brenntag Inc., Essen, Germany), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 7% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl) (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
7
Evaluating Probiotic Survival and Impact on Gut Microbiome
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
To determine the survival capability of probiotic A. faecalis A12C in the intestine and its influence on the growth of E. coli from faecal microbiota, we assessed CFU/g stool of both bacterial species. Faeces were collected from the rectum of animals by abdominal massage at the beginning and at the end of each experimental period. To examine bacterial loads, serial tenfold dilutions were made in 0.9% sterile saline and plated on Brain-Heart infusion Agar (PanReac-AppliChem) modified by adding 4.5 g/100 mL of NaCl, 64 mg/L of vancomycin (SALA, Barcelona, Spain), and 0.02 g/L of bromothymol blue (MERCK, Darmstadt, Germany). After incubation at 37 °C for 24 h (E. coli) or 72 h (A. faecalis A12C), we calculated total viable counts of original samples (CFU/g faeces). Colonies were separated and isolated 2–3 times. We identified bacterial species using colony morphology and Gram stain. MALDI-TOF MS (Vitek®MS, Biomerieux) technique [24 (link)] was used for advanced identification.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-Based Hydrogels
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sodium alginate [Alg, chemically
pure, viscosity (2%, 25 °C)] was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Other materials include nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O], aluminum nitrate nonahydrate
[Al(NO3)3·9H2O], sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), glycerol (C3H8O3), BP (C21H16Br2O5S), bromothymol
blue (C27H28Br2O5S) (b-TB),
thymol blue (C27H30O5S) (TB), methyl
red (C15H15N3O2) (MR),
phenol red (C19H14O5S) (PR), m-cresol purple (C21H18O5S) (m-CP), methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) (MO), and BG (C21H14Br4O5S) were purchased from Merck.
All the chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without purification.
All aqueous solutions were prepared with high-purity deionized water
(nitrate slats) and absolute ethanol (dyes).
pure, viscosity (2%, 25 °C)] was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Other materials include nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O], aluminum nitrate nonahydrate
[Al(NO3)3·9H2O], sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), glycerol (C3H8O3), BP (C21H16Br2O5S), bromothymol
blue (C27H28Br2O5S) (b-TB),
thymol blue (C27H30O5S) (TB), methyl
red (C15H15N3O2) (MR),
phenol red (C19H14O5S) (PR), m-cresol purple (C21H18O5S) (m-CP), methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) (MO), and BG (C21H14Br4O5S) were purchased from Merck.
All the chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without purification.
All aqueous solutions were prepared with high-purity deionized water
(nitrate slats) and absolute ethanol (dyes).
9
Evaluating Probiotic Gut Survival and E. coli Impact
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
To assess the gut survival capabilities of the probiotic A. faecalis A12C and its impact on E. coli growth within the fecal microbiota, the bacterial load was quantified in colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) for both bacterial species. Fecal samples were obtained from the animals by gently massaging the abdomen at the beginning and at the end of each experimental phase. To regulate bacterial abundance, tenfold dilutions were prepared in 0.9% sterile saline and plated on agar plates containing 4.5 g/100 ml sodium chloride, 64 mg/l vancomycin (SALA, Barcelona, Spain), and 0.02 g/l bromothymol blue (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Incubation was carried out at 37 °C for 24 h (for E. coli) or 72 h (for A. faecalis A12C) to calculate the total number of viable bacteria (CFU/g of feces) in the original sample. Colonies were isolated and subjected to repeated subcultures. Bacterial species were identified based on colony morphology and Gram staining. Advanced identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF MS (Vitek® MS, Biomerieux) technique [25] (link).
10
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Membranes
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The chemicals PSS (30 wt
% with Mw ∼ 200 kDa and 25 wt %
with Mw ∼ 1000 kDa), PDADMAC (20
wt %, Mw ∼ 200–350 kDa),
PEI (50 wt %, Mw ∼ 750 kDa), sodium
hydroxide (NaOH, >98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 37%, ACS reagent), glutaraldehyde (GA, 50 wt %), glycerol
solution (86–89 wt %), MPD (99%), 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl
trichloride (98%, TMC), n-hexane (≥99%), magnesium
sulfate (MgSO4, >99.5%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O, ≥99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%),
polyethylene
glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights (Mw 200, 400, 600, 1500, and 2000 g·mol–1), atrazine (analytical standard), atenolol (>98%), bezafibrate
(>98%),
bromothymol blue (>95%), bisphenol-A (>99%), naproxen (analytical
standard), phenolphthalein (analytical standard), and sulfamethoxazole
(analytical standard) were purchased from Merck (The Netherlands).
PAH (40 wt %, Mw ∼ 150 kDa) was
purchased from Nittobo Medical Co. Ltd., Japan. Deionized water was
obtained from a Milli-Q Ultrapure water purification system.
% with Mw ∼ 200 kDa and 25 wt %
with Mw ∼ 1000 kDa), PDADMAC (20
wt %, Mw ∼ 200–350 kDa),
PEI (50 wt %, Mw ∼ 750 kDa), sodium
hydroxide (NaOH, >98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 37%, ACS reagent), glutaraldehyde (GA, 50 wt %), glycerol
solution (86–89 wt %), MPD (99%), 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl
trichloride (98%, TMC), n-hexane (≥99%), magnesium
sulfate (MgSO4, >99.5%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O, ≥99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%),
polyethylene
glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights (Mw 200, 400, 600, 1500, and 2000 g·mol–1), atrazine (analytical standard), atenolol (>98%), bezafibrate
(>98%),
bromothymol blue (>95%), bisphenol-A (>99%), naproxen (analytical
standard), phenolphthalein (analytical standard), and sulfamethoxazole
(analytical standard) were purchased from Merck (The Netherlands).
PAH (40 wt %, Mw ∼ 150 kDa) was
purchased from Nittobo Medical Co. Ltd., Japan. Deionized water was
obtained from a Milli-Q Ultrapure water purification system.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!