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Surgical tape

Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in Germany

Surgical tape is a medical adhesive product designed for securing bandages, dressings, and other medical devices to the skin. It is made with a strong, hypoallergenic adhesive that adheres securely to the skin while remaining gentle and minimizing irritation. The tape is breathable and flexible, allowing for comfortable long-term wear and easy application and removal.

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5 protocols using surgical tape

1

Achilles Tendon Moment Arm Measurement via Ultrasonography

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The tendon excursion method using B-mode ultrasonography (AU5 Harmonic, Esaote Biomedica, Genoa, Italy), as described previously,38 (link), 39 (link) was used to determine the Achilles tendon moment arm. Participants were secured to the dynamometer chair and foot-plate (ankle set at 0°), as described above. A 2 mm wide, 2 cm long strip of surgical tape (3M, Neuss, Germany) was attached to the skin, transversely over the GM myotendinous junction (MTJ). The 4 cm wide, 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasound probe was then positioned sagitally over the tape to record the passive movement of the GM MTJ while the ankle was rotated between the angles of −5° and 10° at a constant velocity of 1° s−1. The ultrasound scan (including three continuous PF and DF rotations) was synchronised with the joint angle signal via a square wave signal generator. The displacement of the MTJ between 10° and −5° was measured with image analysis software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA) and the Achilles tendon moment arm at 0° was calculated as the MTJ displacement divided by change in the joint angle during a complete rotation (15°).
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2

Dynamics of FRET-labeled Transferrin

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In these experiments, we observed the dynamics of FRET by injecting Tf probes labeled with donor and acceptor at different time points. For all experiments, athymic nude female mice (Charles River, MA) were first anesthetized with isoflurane (EZ-SA800 System, E-Z Anesthesia), placed on the imaging stage and fixed to the stage with surgical tape (3M Micropore, Maplewood, Minnesota) to prevent motion. A warm air blower (Bair Hugger 50500; 3M Corporation) was applied to maintain body temperature. The animals were monitored for respiratory rate, pain reflex and discomfort. The mice were imaged with the time-gated imaging system in the reflectance geometry, with adaptive grayscale illumination to ensure appropriate dynamic range between the ROIs [56 (link)]. In particular, excitation intensity had to be reduced in the urinary bladder due to accumulation of labeled Tf over time. 2 hour after tail-vein injection of 20 μg of Tf-AF700, the mice were imaged for ~15 minutes before 40 μg of Tf-AF750 (A:D ratio = 2:1), and for one of the mice, 100 μg of unlabeled Tf (A:D:U ratio = 2:1:5), were retro-orbitally injected into the other eye. Imaging was continued for another 90 minutes. For the control mouse (0:1), no further probe was injected throughout the imaging session.
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3

Measuring Core and Skin Temperatures

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As core temperature (Tcore) can modulate changes in post‐exercise vascular compliance, which could in turn influence the magnitude of post‐exercise hypotension, we measured Tcore to provide insight into this potential mechanism. Tcore was measured by a rectal thermistor (TMQ‐DAG, Unimed, Beijing, China; accurate to 0.1°C). Mean skin temperature (Tsk) was measured at four sites using calibrated skin thermistors (Grant Instruments (Cambridge) Ltd, Royston, UK; accurate to 0.2°C) fastened on the calf, thigh, chest and forearm using surgical tape (3M Healthcare, Maplewood, MN, USA). Regional‐weighted mean Tsk was calculated according to the equation of Ramanathan (1964 (link)).
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4

Leaf Surface Mechanical Force Measurement

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The abaxial side of leaves from 4-week-old plants was physically attached to the measuring pan of the electronic balance QUINTIX224-1S (Sartorius Lab Instruments GmbH & Co., Göttingen, Germany) with surgical tape (3 M Company, MN, USA). The adaxial side of the leaf was treated with 1 falling droplet or brushed once (shown in the above subsections). The peak weight applied to the leaf surface was obtained as the force. The force per unit area (N/m2) is converted from the peak weight (kg) and the contact area of the brush tip (5.6 × 10−5 m2) or raindrop (9.73 × 10−6 m2).
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5

Hind Leg Temperature Monitoring

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Surface temperature was recorded on both sides of the hind legs using data loggers (Thermochron iButton DS1921H, accuracy: ±1.0°C, resolution: ±0.125°C; Embedded Data Systems, Lawrenceburg, KY) recording at 1-min intervals. These loggers were attached next to the EMG electrodes using surgical tape (3M Micropore, St. Paul, MN). Surface temperature was averaged in the 4 intervals for analysis. The loggers were not exposed to sunlight during recording as the test area was covered.
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