Pvdf powder

The following chemicals were used as received: sodium borohydride (99.99%), acrylic acid (99%), PAA powder (M_W = 2000) and palladium (II) acetate (98%), naphthalene_d₈ (99 atom % D) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (1 M), sulfuric acid (0.5 M), hexanes and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate were obtained from Fisher Scientific. PVDF powder was purchased from Polysciences, Inc. Ammonium persulfate (98%), and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (NNMA, 99%) were received from Acros Organics. 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (> 97%, neat), biphenyl (> 97%, neat) and their analytical solution (100 ppm in hexane) were obtained from Ultra Scientific. Ethanol (200 proof) was bought from EMD Millipore Corporation. Sodium chloride was purchased from BDH. Full scale PVDF 700 microfiltration membranes were obtained from Nanostone Water, Inc. Deoxygenated water was obtained by purging N₂ into deionized ultra-filtered (DIUF) water for 30 minutes.

The following chemicals were used as received: sodium hydroxide (1 M), sulfuric acid (0.5 M), hexanes (> 99%), anhydrous sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Sodium borohydride (99.99%), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (M_w~90k), potassium tetrachloropalladate (II) (98%), biphenyl_d₁₀ (99 atom % D), trichloroethylene (99.5%) and tetrachloroethylene (> 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PVDF powder was purchased from Polysciences, Inc. Potassium persulfate (98%), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NNMA, 99%) and methacrylic acid (99.5%, stabilized) were received from Acros Organics. Nitric Acid (AR select ACS) was ordered from Macron Fine Chemicals. 2-chlorobiphenyl (> 97%) and its analytical solution (100 ppm in hexane) as well as the analytical standards of chloroform (100 ppm in methanol), carbon tetrachloride (100 ppm in methanol) and hexachlorobutadiene (100 ppm in methanol) were obtained from Ultra Scientific. Ethanol (200 proof) was bought from EMD Millipore Corporation. Full scale PVDF 700 microfiltration membranes were obtained from Solecta, Inc. DVPP04700 membranes were purchased from Millipore. Deoxygenated water was obtained by purging N₂ into deionized ultra-filtered (DIUF) water for 30 min.