Chlorobenzene

Manufactured by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan

Chlorobenzene is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound used in various industrial applications. It serves as a precursor for the production of other chemicals and as a solvent. Chlorobenzene exhibits properties such as high boiling point and low flammability, making it a useful component in specific laboratory and industrial processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Chloroform, by Fujifilm (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Samchun (2 mentions) Cesium iodide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) 4 tert butylpyridine tbp, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lead iodide, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions) Ethanolamine, by Samchun (2 mentions) Dimethylformamide, by Samchun (2 mentions) Lead bromide pbbr2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Zinc acetate dihydrate zn ch3co 2 2h2o, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 methoxyethanol, by Samchun (2 mentions) Acetone, by Samchun (2 mentions) Isopropanol, by Samchun (2 mentions) Pbdttt oft, by Toray (2 mentions) 2 methoxyethanol, by Fujifilm (2 mentions) 1 8 diiodooctane dio, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethanolamine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) 1 chloronaphthalene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Novec 7100, by 3M (1 mentions) Novec 1700, by 3M (1 mentions) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Fujifilm (1 mentions)

8 protocols using chlorobenzene

Fabrication and Doping of CNT Yarns

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method (Black Magic II, Aixtron Ltd.) was used to synthesize high-density and vertically aligned CNT array. A thin layer of iron was used as a catalyst which was deposited on the substrate (Al₂O₃/SiO₂/Si) by electron beam deposition (VTR-350M/ERH, ULVAC KIKO Inc.)^{45 (link)}. Then, FWCNT yarns (15‒20 µm) were fabricated from the CNT array using dry spinning method with rotation speed of 500 rpm and drawing speed of 300 mm/min. Joule-annealing was accomplished by passing a current of ~ 73 mA and voltage of ~56 V under vacuum condition at around 1‒2 × 10⁻⁴ Pa for 1 min^{39 (link),46 (link)}.
F4TCNQ was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corporation. Chlorobenzene (99%) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. F4TCNQ was dissolved in Chlorobenzene solution by probe sonication for 10 min followed by magnetic stirring at 110 °C for 20 min at 300 rpm. Doping was performed with various concentrations of F4TCNQ such as 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml respectively. Then CNT yarns were dipped into F4TCNQ solution^{47 (link),48} for 6 hrs. As a consequence, CNT yarns were dried in an oven at 80 °C for 15 min.

Myint M.T., Nishikawa T., Omoto K., Inoue H., Yamashita Y., Kyaw A.K, & Hayashi Y. (2020). Controlling Electronic States of Few-walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn via Joule-annealing and p-type Doping Towards Large Thermoelectric Power Factor. Scientific Reports, 10, 7307.

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Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides (2 cm × 2 cm) with a sheet resistivity of 10 Ω/□ were obtained from AMG, Korea. The zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃CO)₂∙2H₂O, 99.99%), lead bromide (PbBr₂, 99.99%), and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formamidinium bromide (FABr, 99.99%) was obtained from Greatcell Solar Materials Pvt Ltd. Lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.99%) was acquired from TCI chemicals. Gold pellets (Au, 99.99%) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were bought from Rieke Metals Inc. (Lincoln, NE, USA). Cesium iodide (CsI, 99.99%) and tin oxide (SnO₂, 15% in H₂O) colloidal solutions were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME, 99%), acetone (99%), ethanolamine (99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.8%), isopropanol (IPA, 99.5%), and dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%) were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM, 99.5%) was bought from Organic Semiconductor Materials. Chlorobenzene (CB, 99% GR grade) was acquired from Wako Chemicals. All the received chemicals were used in the fabrication of PSCs without any further purification.

Bahadur J., Ryu J., Cho S., Yoon S., Lee D.G., Kang D.W, & Pandey P. (2023). Controlled Crystal Growth of All-Inorganic CsPbI2.2Br0.8 Thin Film via Additive Strategy for Air-Processed Efficient Outdoor/Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells. Nanomaterials, 13(19), 2716.

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Organic Photovoltaic Material Procurement

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PM6, Y6, BTP-eC9, IEICO-4F, and ITCC were purchased from 1-Materials (Quebec, Canada). PBDTTT-OFT was received from Toray Industries. PC₇₁BM was purchased from Solenne BV Corporation. The precursor (ECRIOS VICT-Cz) of transparent polyimide was from Mitsui Chemicals (Japan). Zinc acetate dehydrates, 2-methoxyethanol, chloroform, and chlorobenzene were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan). Ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEIE, 80% ethoxylated solution, 37 wt% in H₂O), 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN), and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All materials were used as received without further purification.

Xiong S., Fukuda K., Nakano K., Lee S., Sumi Y., Takakuwa M., Inoue D., Hashizume D., Du B., Yokota T., Zhou Y., Tajima K, & Someya T. (2024). Waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics with improved interface adhesion. Nature Communications, 15, 681.

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Fabrication of Transparent Polyimide Substrate

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The precursor (ECRIOS VICT-Cz) used for the fabrication of the transparent polyimide substrate was obtained from Mitsui Chemicals. The fluorinated polymers (Novec1700, 3 M) and their solvents (Novec 7100, 3 M) were purchased from 3 M. Zinc acetate dehydrates, ethanolamine, 2-methoxyethanol, and chlorobenzene were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation. Ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEIE) and 1-chloronaphthalene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl) benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b’] dithiophene-2,6-diyl alt-(4-octyl-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b] thiophene)-2-carboxy-late-2–6-diyl] (PBDTTT-OFT) was obtained from TORAY. 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-(((4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro sindaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene-5,2 diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene2,1diylidene)) dimalononitrile (IEICO- 4F) was purchased from 1-Material. All the materials were used as received without further purification.

Abolhosen A.M., Lee S., Fukuda K., Someya T., González L.H, & Shintake J. (2024). Functional soft robotic composites based on organic photovoltaic and dielectric elastomer actuator. Scientific Reports, 14, 9953.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PBTPA Polymers

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PBTPA homopolymer (number average molecular weight (M_n) = 9100, polydispersity index (PDI) = 1.80) was synthesized via palladium-catalyzed C-N coupling polymerization [19 (link)]. The number average molecular weight (M_n) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated with polystyrene standards. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed under nitrogen atmosphere at heating and cooling rates of 10 °C/min on a DSC-8230 (Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan). As reported, obtained PBTPA showed amorphous nature with a glass transition temperature of 215 °C [19 (link)]. Two poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) with different molecular weight (PMMA-L; M_n = 15,000, and PMMA-H; M_n = 120,000) was supplied by Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan) as primary ingredients of the microspheres. DSC measurements revealed that both PMMAs showed a glass transition at 105 °C. Equal weight of two polymers were dissolved in chlorobenzene (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) to have concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 w/v% for total polymers; the resulting solution was used as a dispersed phase of emulsion. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (PVA224, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) was used as a water-soluble stabilizer, and a surfactant, respectively.

Yoshida S., Kikuchi S., Kanehashi S., Okamoto K, & Ogino K. (2018). Microfluidic Fabrication of Morphology-Controlled Polymeric Microspheres of Blends of Poly(4-butyltriphenylamine) and Poly(methyl methacrylate). Materials, 11(4), 582.

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Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices

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Ultrapure water was obtained using a Direct-Q UV system (Merck Millipore, Tokyo).
M ethanol (refractive index n = 1.3290), ethanol (n = 1.3614), 2-butanol (n = 1.3978), chloroform (n = 1.4459), o-xylene (n = 1.5018), chlorobenzene (n = 1.5241) 11 were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka). Fused silica substrates (n = 1.460118 at λ = 546.074 nm (from the company's data sheet)) were purchased from Daico MFG Co., Ltd. (Kyoto). A positive photo resist (TDMR-AR80) and developer (NMD-3) for fabricating the micro-and nanofluidic device were purchased from Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo). An adherence agent (AZ AD promotor) and an anti-reflection reagent (AZ Aquatar) were purchased from AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. (Tokyo).

Ajiri T., Kasa H., Maeki M., Ishida A., Tani H., Nishii J, & Tokeshi M. (2017). Using Laser Interference Lithography in the Fabrication of a Simplified Micro- and Nanofluidic Device for Label-free Detection. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 33(10).

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Synthesis of Imidazolium Bromide MS Precursor

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Imidazolium bromide as a MS precursor was synthesized according to the literature method 24) . Pd (OAc) 2 (＞ 97.0％) , NaBr (99.9％) , dimethyl sulfoxide (99.0％) , trimethylamine (99.0％) , dichloromethane (99.0％) , methanol (99.5％) , chloroform (99.0％) , iodobenzene (97.0％) , chlorobenzene (99.0％) , and 4-iodoacetophenone (90.0％) were purchased from Wako pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan. Bromobenzene (99.0％) , p-iodoanisole (96.0％) , 4-iodobenzoic acid (＞98.0％) , and methyl acrylate (＞ 99.0％) were procured from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan. All chemicals were used as received.

Taira T., Yanagimoto T., Sakai K., Sakai H., Endo A, & Imura T. (2018). Self-assembling Properties of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene-based Metallosurfactant: Pd-Coordination Induced Formation of Reactive Interfaces in Water. Journal of oleo science, 67(9).

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