Seven different image reconstruction protocols combined three different image resolutions with three different reconstruction methods. All images were reconstructed with isotropic voxels and with post-reconstruction Gaussian filtering. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Gaussian post-reconstruction filter ranged from 1 to 4 mm. Standard-resolution (SR) images had voxels of around 4 mm isometric spacing, whereas high-resolution (HR) images had 2 mm spaced voxels. Because (and contrary to FBP and OSEM) the Siemens TrueX algorithm enables higher resolution PET/CT, so called ultra-high resolution (UHR) voxels of around 1.6 mm isometric spacing were paired with said algorithm [42 (link)] in a single protocol. The three different reconstruction algorithms used were FBP, OSEM, and TrueX, the latter being a PSF-based resolution-modeling algorithm specific to Siemens PET/CT systems. Table 1 provides an overview of the seven different protocols and their exact parameters.
Truex algorithm
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The TrueX algorithm is a core function of Siemens lab equipment that provides advanced image reconstruction capabilities. It is designed to enhance the quality and accuracy of medical imaging data without extrapolation or interpretation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
6 protocols using truex algorithm
1
Multimodal PET/CT Image Reconstruction Protocols
2
PET/CT Imaging of Brain and Body with Ga-68/Bi-213-DOTA-SP
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A three-dimensional mode was used for PET/CT examinations performed on a Biograph 64 TruePoint PET/CT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN), 30 min after the co-injection of 68Ga/213Bi –DOTA-SP. Five minutes acquisition time was used for PET of brain and 2 min acquisition per bed position for body (from the neck to the upper thighs).
The PET image data were corrected for scatter and attenuation using the CT data and reconstructed in a 168 × 168 matrix. The reconstruction was performed using the TrueX algorithm (Siemens Medical Solutions) with PSF, three iterations, 21 subsets, and no post filtering.
The PET/CT images (half-body-attenuated and non-attenuated PET, CT, and fused images) were transferred to a multimodal work station (MMWS; Syngo TrueD; Siemens Medical Solutions) for analysis.
The PET image data were corrected for scatter and attenuation using the CT data and reconstructed in a 168 × 168 matrix. The reconstruction was performed using the TrueX algorithm (Siemens Medical Solutions) with PSF, three iterations, 21 subsets, and no post filtering.
The PET/CT images (half-body-attenuated and non-attenuated PET, CT, and fused images) were transferred to a multimodal work station (MMWS; Syngo TrueD; Siemens Medical Solutions) for analysis.
3
PET/CT Imaging of Breast Lesions
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A combined PET/CT in-line system (Biograph 64 TruePoint PET/CT system, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used to acquire PET images. Patients fasted 6 h before they were injected with approximately 300 MBq [18F]FDG, depending on the patient’s weight, with an uptake time of 45 min. Blood glucose levels were below 150 mg/dl (8.3 mmol/l) at the time of tracer application. A prone PET dataset of the breasts was acquired and an unenhanced low-dose CT was used for attenuation correction. PET images were reconstructed using the TrueX algorithm (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), which includes commonly used correction factors, as well as a specific point-spread function correction. Four iterations per 21 subsets were used, with a matrix size of 168 × 168, trans-axial field of view of 605 mm (pixel size, 3.6 mm), and section thickness of 5 mm.
4
Retrospective Analysis of NENs with [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT
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From 2009 to 2013, we retrospectively included 127 patients available with histopathologically confirmed NENs that underwent [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET /CT performed 1 h after injection of approximately 200 MBq [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET. All images were acquired with a Siemens Biograph 40 or 64 TruePoint PET/CT and reconstructed with TrueX algorithm (Siemens Medical Solution). Settings were as follows; 3 iterations, 21 subsets, 2 mm Gaussian post-filter smoothing, 336 × 336 matrices of 2 × 2 × 3 mm3 voxels. CT-based attenuation correction was applied. A diagnostic quality CT scan with iodine intravenous contrast was performed before the PET. To ensure quantitatively accurate measurements between the different PET/CT scanners, we perform a quality control every 2 weeks, testing they are calibrated to measure within our acceptance range (5%). We excluded patients with no signs of NEN due to previous radical surgery. For patients included; age, gender, site of primary tumor, Ki67 index and WHO grade (Grade 1 (Ki67 < 3%), Grade 2 (Ki67 3–20%) and Grade 3 (Ki67 > 20%) were recorded.
5
PET Imaging of Dopamine Metabolism
6
Comparative 64Cu-DOTATATE and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT
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A 200-MBq injection of 64 Cu-DOTATATE was administered intravenously, and PET/CT was performed after 60 min. For the 68 Ga-DOTATOC scan, a 150-MBq injection was administered intravenously, and PET/CT was performed after 45 min. A Biograph 40 or 64 PET/CT scanner was used (Siemens Medical Systems). The same scanner was used for both patient scans. The CT component of the 64 Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT scan was of diagnostic quality and included intravenous contrast material; the other was low dose (120 kV; effective exposure, 40 mAs). Both PET/CT scans were performed within 1 wk of each other (1-5 d apart).
The PET scan was acquired in 3-dimensional list mode for 3 min per bed position, and the patients were positioned with arms above the head and scanned from forehead to midthigh. The PET reconstruction settings were CT-based attenuation correction, resolution recovery (point-spread function, TrueX algorithm [Siemens]), and time-offlight technique (3 iterations, 21 subsets, zoom of 1.0). A gaussian filter of 2 mm in full width at half maximum was then applied to all images after reconstruction. The PET slice thickness was 2 mm.
The PET scan was acquired in 3-dimensional list mode for 3 min per bed position, and the patients were positioned with arms above the head and scanned from forehead to midthigh. The PET reconstruction settings were CT-based attenuation correction, resolution recovery (point-spread function, TrueX algorithm [Siemens]), and time-offlight technique (3 iterations, 21 subsets, zoom of 1.0). A gaussian filter of 2 mm in full width at half maximum was then applied to all images after reconstruction. The PET slice thickness was 2 mm.
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