N 6 2 hydroxyethyl adenosine hea

Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) were purchased from Difco Co. (Detroit, MI, USA). D-galactose and N(6)-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) (>95% purity) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Mouse TNF-α protein (50349-MNAE), mouse IL-6 protein (50349-MNAE), mouse IL-1β protein (50349-MNAE), and rat iNOS protein (Q06518) were purchased from SinoBiological Inc. (North Wales, PA, USA). The mouse anti-rat IL-6 monoclonal antibody (sc-57315) and the mouse anti-human IL-1β monoclonal antibody (sc-32294) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). The rabbit iNOS antibody (FNab04325), the rabbit anti-rat COX-2 polyclonal antibody (RPD284Ra01), and the rat COX-2 protein (RPD284Ra01) were purchased from Cloud-Clone Corp. (Wuhan, China).The rRabbit anti-mouse TNF-α polyclonal antibody (AB2148P) was purchased from the EMD Millipore Corporation (Temecula, CA, USA). Peroxidase conjugated antibodies (31460) were purchased from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, IL, USA).

Cisplatin, amifostine (AMF), adenosine, and N6-(2′-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA), as well as other reagents and solvents, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercial assay kits for BUN and CRE were provided by HUMAN Diagnostics Worldwide (Wiesbaden, Germany). Mouse TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 ELISA Max™ Set Deluxe Kits were purchased from BioLegend Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). Primary antibodies for Western blots against anti-COX-2, anti-p-JNK, anti-catalase, anti-GPx, anti-SOD, anti-AMPK, anti-Sirt1, anti-TLR4, anti-P62, anti-Beclin-1, anti-cleaved PARP, and anti-cleaved caspase were purchased from GeneTex (San Antonio, TX, USA). Anti-OAT1 and anti-OAT3 were purchased from ABclonal (MA, USA). Antibodies against anti-JNK, anti-p-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-p-p38, anti-p-IκBα, and anti-LC3B were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against anti-iNOS, anti-NF-κB, anti-IκBα, anti-p38, anti-HO-1, anti-Nrf-2, and β-actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Protein assay kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd., Watford, Herts, UK) were obtained as indicated.