Kg 501

Deoxycholic acid and JTE-013 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Triamterene, 4-DAMP, ketoconazole, lovastatin, KG-501 and fatostatin were purchased from MedChemexpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Methoctramine was from AdooQ Bioscience (Nanjing, China). Z-Guggulsterone was from Santa cruz Biotechnology (Santa cruz, CA, USA). SREBP2 antibody was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Isotalatizidine was extracted and purified by the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, and the purity was validated as > 95% using high-performance liquid chromatography. For the experiments, it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequently diluted in sterile saline (0.9%). SB203580 and U0126-EtOH were all purchased from TargetMol (Shanghai, China). KG-501 was purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in DMSO, and diluted with DMEM, DMEM/F-12, or saline before use. The cell culture reagents were purchased from the Invitrogen Corporation (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-dynorphin A antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and the Alexa 546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and Alexa 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies from the Life Technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The remaining antibodies were purchased from the Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The goat serum was purchased from the Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China), and triton X-100 from the Sigma Aldrich.