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5 protocols using ab97956

1

Protein Expression Profiling in Cancer Cells

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SW620/HCT116 were lysed for 30 mins in ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer for protein extraction according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Equal amounts of protein per sample (10 µg) were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. After blocking with 5% non-fat milk for 1 hr at room temperature, the membranes were incubated overnight with polyclonal rabbit anti-human ENO1(A1033; 1:1000 dilution; ABclonal; Wuhan, China) or Rab1A (1:2000, Abcam, USA, Ab97956) and mouse anti-human GAPDH antibodies, followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 hr at room temperature. The immunoreactive bands were visualized by chemiluminescence and quantified using ImageJ software.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ENO1 and Rab1A

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The paraffin-embedded tissues were immersed in boiling citrate buffer (Gene Tech, Shanghai, China, GT100202) for antigen retrieval, followed by a 15-mins incubation with 3% hydrogen peroxide (Yonghua Chemical Technology Co. LTD, Changshu China), and blocking with 5% FBS (Beyotime Inc, NanTong, China) for another 15 mins. The suitably treated sections were then incubated with primary antibodies against ENO1(A1033; 1:100 dilution; ABclonal; Wuhan, China) or Rab1A (Ab97956; 1:75 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) at room temperature for 2–3 hrs and stained using a tissue staining kit (Zhongshan Biotechnology, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Five random high-power fields were observed per section, and the staining intensity was scored as 0 (no staining), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), and 3 (strong), and the percentage of positively stained cells as 1 (<25%), 2 (25–50%), 3 (51–75%), and 4 (>75%). The total score was calculated by multiplying the staining intensity score with the staining percentage score, and the samples were accordingly stratified into the low expression (− or +) and high expression (++ or +++) groups (0 = −; 1–4 = +; 5–8 =++; 9–12 = +++), as described in our previous study.18 (link)
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3

VACV Infection in Cell Lines

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African green monkey kidney epithelioid cells (BS-C-1), and human cervix carcinoma epithelioid cells (HeLa) were grown in Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies) containing 50 IU/ml penicillin, 50 μg/ml streptomycin (Sigma) and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies). Cells were incubated at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator. VACV strain Western Reserve (VACV) and VACV-A5L-EGFP (Carter et al., 2003 (link)) were used in this work. The anti-A46 antibody was a kind gift from Andrew Bowie (Stack et al., 2005 (link)), the anti-D8 antibody a kind gift from Geoffrey Smith (Parkinson and Smith, 1994 (link)). Other antibodies used were anti-RAB1A (ab97956, Abcam), anti-GM130 (610822, BD Pharmingen), and anti-B5 (NR-556, BeiResources).
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4

Antibody Panel for Autophagy Assays

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Primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit anti‐human Tuj1 (Covance, IF: 1:500), mouse anti‐FLAG (M2, Sigma, WB: 1:2,000, IF: 1:1,000), mouse anti‐Myc (9B11, Cell Signaling, WB: 1:2,000, IF: 1:2,000), mouse anti‐tubulin (DM1A, Sigma, WB: 1:10,000), rabbit anti‐Myc (ab9106, Abcam, WB: 1:2,000, IF: 1:1,000), rabbit anti‐GAPDH (14C10, Cell Signaling, WB: 1:2,000), rabbit anti‐LC3 (2220, Novus Biologicals, WB: 1:1,000), mouse anti‐p62 (610833, BD Biosciences, IF: 1:1,000), rabbit anti‐p62 (18420‐1‐AP, ProteinTech, IF: 1:200), rabbit anti‐FIP200 (SAB4200135, Sigma, WB: 1:500), rabbit anti‐ULK1 (#8054, Cell Signaling, WB: 1:1,000), rabbit anti‐phospho‐ULK S757 (#6888, Cell Signaling, WB: 1:1,000), mouse anti‐EGFP (JL8, Clontech, WB: 1:5,000), rabbit anti‐ATG13 (#6940, Cell Signaling, WB: 1:1,000), rabbit anti‐Rab1a (Ab97956 Abcam, WB: 1:1,000), and rabbit anti‐HA (Sigma, WB: 1:2,000, IF: 1:1,000). Secondary antibodies used for immunoblotting were horseradish peroxidase‐coupled goat anti‐rabbit, goat anti‐rat, and rabbit anti‐mouse IgG (Dako; 1:5,000). Secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence were Alexa fluorophore (488, 568, or 633)‐coupled goat/donkey anti‐mouse IgG, Alexa fluorophore (488, 568, or 633)‐coupled goat/donkey anti‐rabbit IgG (Invitrogen; 1:500).
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5

Spinal Cord Protein Expression Analysis

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Proteins were extracted from the L2–L6 lumbar segment of the spinal cord, and their concentration was measured using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Beyotime, China). Total proteins were separated in 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% milk in Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.6) containing 0.1% Tween 20, incubated with specific primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. The primary antibodies used included anti-LC3-II/I (1 : 1000, 4108, CST), anti-Rab1 (1 : 1000, ab97956, Abcam), anti-autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9, 1 : 1000, ab108338, Abcam), anti-P62 (1 : 2000, ab155686, Abcam), and anti-GAPDH (1 : 5000, 10494-1-AP, Proteintech). After three washes with PBS/Tween 20, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 20000, PAB160011, BIO SWAMP). Protein bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence color detection (Tanon-5200, TANON) and analyzed using AlphaEase FC gel image analysis software.
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